对联翻译的生态翻译学“三维转换”解读

对联是中华文化特有的语言艺术形式。而对联翻译,作为跨文化交际活动,涉及两种不同的语言,映射着两种迥异的文化。对联的特性决定了其翻译或是中华文化译介中最富挑战性、最难操持的技艺。因此,为达到译文最大限度地趋近于原文效果,译者可以大胆借鉴生态翻译学理论,基于"三维"转换,从语言维、文化维、交际维保留对联的语义形式、文化意象、交际意图,以取得原文与译文的最佳等效。     

供应链的快速反应分析

供应链的快速反应能力(QR)是实现供应链管理的关键。文章在当前供应链管理发展的基础上,介绍了供应链管理方法之一———快速反应,着重从供应链的角度分析供应链企业实施快速反应的主要策略。通过实施策略,企业可以加强供应链的整体快速反应能力并获得收益,最终从根本上提升供应链企业的竞争力。     

A Compromise Experimental Design Method for Parametric Polynomial Response Surface Approximations

This study presents a compromise approach to augmentation of experimental designs, necessitated by the expense of performing each experiment (computational or physical), that yields higher quality parametric polynomial response surface approximations than traditional augmentation. Based on the D-optimality criterion as a measure of experimental design quality, the method simultaneously considers several polynomial models during the experimental design, resulting in good quality designs for all models under consideration, as opposed to good quality designs only for lower-order models, as in the case of traditional augmentation. Several numerical examples and an engineering example are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the approach.     

Box‐Cox transformations in linear models: Large sample theory and tests of normality

The authors provide a rigorous large sample theory for linear models whose response variable has been subjected to the Box‐Cox transformation. They provide a continuous asymptotic approximation to the distribution of estimators of natural parameters of the model. They show, in particular, that the maximum likelihood estimator of the ratio of slope to residual standard deviation is consistent and relatively stable. The authors further show the importance for inference of normality of the errors and give tests for normality based on the estimated residuals. For non‐normal errors, they give adjustments to the log‐likelihood and to asymptotic standard errors.     

Using Randomized Response to Estimate the Proportion and Truthful Reporting Probability in a Dichotomous Finite Population

In this paper, an alternative randomized response procedure is given that allows us to estimate the population proportion in addition to the probability of providing a truthful answer. It overcomes a difficulty associated with traditional randomized response techniques. Properties of the proposed estimators as well as sample size allocations are studied. In addition, an efficiency comparison is carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed technique.     

Computing Jacobians using exterior products

In this paper we describe an exterior product method for computing the Jacobian of a transformation. This alternative procedure is often simpler than the conventional determinant approach. We illustrate the proposed method via commonly used transformations in statistical distribution theory.     

Open information system and crisis communication in China

This paper discusses the role of media and communication at times of public crisis and contends that a modern, open information system is a precondition for good crisis management. It traces evolving policy discourse in Mainland China with a special focus on the relationship between the authorities and media. An overview is provided to contextualize and historicize the contemporary development. By examining a series of critical news events triggered by public crises, especially the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, it provides a broad assessment of the issues involved in the creation of China's open information system, with regard to both institutional policy‐making as well as everyday journalistic practices in reporting the emergent events. Finally, the paper discusses pertinent legislative and regulatory measures in recent years that hold particular importance to state‐media relationship during public crises, especially the Emergency Response Law promulgated in June 2007.     

On D-optimal robust second order slope-rotatable designs

Das and Park (2006) introduced slope-rotatable designs overall directions for correlated observations which is known as A-optimal robust slope-rotatable designs. This article focuses D-optimal slope-rotatable designs for second-order response surface model with correlated observations. It has been established that robust second-order rotatable designs are also D-optimal robust slope-rotatable designs. A class of D-optimal robust second-order slope-rotatable designs has been derived for special correlation structures of errors.     

A Bayesian Approach for Multiple Response Surface Optimization in the Presence of Noise Variables

An approach for the multiple response robust parameter design problem based on a methodology by Peterson (2000) is presented. The approach is Bayesian, and consists of maximizing the posterior predictive probability that the process satisfies a set of constraints on the responses. In order to find a solution robust to variation in the noise variables, the predictive density is integrated not only with respect to the response variables but also with respect to the assumed distribution of the noise variables. The maximization problem involves repeated Monte Carlo integrations, and two different methods to solve it are evaluated. A Matlab code was written that rapidly finds an optimal (robust) solution in case it exists. Two examples taken from the literature are used to illustrate the proposed method.     

Estimation of an indicator of the representativeness of survey response

Nonresponse is a major source of estimation error in sample surveys. The response rate is widely used to measure survey quality associated with nonresponse, but is inadequate as an indicator because of its limited relation with nonresponse bias. Schouten et al. (2009) proposed an alternative indicator, which they refer to as an indicator of representativeness or R-indicator. This indicator measures the variability of the probabilities of response for units in the population. This paper develops methods for the estimation of this R-indicator assuming that values of a set of auxiliary variables are observed for both respondents and nonrespondents. We propose bias adjustments to the point estimator proposed by Schouten et al. (2009) and demonstrate the effectiveness of this adjustment in a simulation study where it is shown that the method is valid, especially for smaller sample sizes. We also propose linearization variance estimators which avoid the need for computer-intensive replication methods and show good coverage in the simulation study even when models are not fully specified. The use of the proposed procedures is also illustrated in an application to two business surveys at Statistics Netherlands.