Complexity and Self‐Sustainment in Disaster Response Supply Chains

Governmental organizations play a major role in disaster relief operations. Supply chains set up to respond to disasters differ dramatically in many dimensions that affect the cost of relief efforts. One factor that has been described recently is self‐sustainment, which occurs when supplies consumed by intermediate stages of a supply chain must be provided via the chain itself because they are not locally available. This article applies the concept of self‐sustainment to response supply chains. A mathematical model of a self‐sustaining response supply chain is developed. Analysis of this model yields insights about the relationships and interactions among self‐sustainment, speed of disaster onset, dispersion of impact, and the cost of the relief efforts.     

“三维”适应选择转换视阈下的外宣翻译--以云南丽江世界遗产解说词的英译文为例

从“三维”即交际维、文化维和语言维适应性选择转换的角度出发,对丽江世界遗产景区的英译文进行举隅解读,探讨外宣翻译的“三维”转换。译者在产生译文时,在交际维上应对原语信息进行适当处理,在文化维上应突出文化内涵,在语言维上应注重语言形式和修辞的转换,以此产生“整合适应选择度”最高的外宣翻译。     

Minimization of model inadequacy when observations subject to shift in means and variances

In this article optimality of experimental design for fitting a lower-order polynomial to a higher order response function for the situation in which observations may be subject to shift in means as well as in variances is considered. It is found that Karson, Manson and Hader‘s (1969) optimum designs provide pro-tection, in some sense, against model inadequacies even when observations are subject to shift in means and variances.     

A simpler way of obtaining non-sIngularity conditions of rotatability

In response surface designs, it is not usually easy to handle the moment matrix X'X, especially for higher orders. This paper presents a method in which the moment matrix of a response surface of any order can be standardized, i.e., X'X splits into a diagonal matrix consisting of sub-matrices of lower order. This eases the calculation of the determinant and the inverse of X'X. The method has been illustrated with applications to second, third and fourth order response surfaces.     

Social Origins and Transformations: The Changing Role of English Housing Associations

Following the suggestion of Ragin (1998, Voluntas, 9(3), 261–270), this article uses social origins theory (Salamon and Anheier, 1998, Voluntas, 9(3), 213–248) as an heuristic device to explore change in a specific field of nonprofit activity; the English housing association sector. Conventional histories of the sector in the twentieth century suggest a succession of eras with different policy drivers. These eras can be seen as consistent with shifts in welfare regime from liberal to social democratic (after 1919) and to neo-liberal/neo-corporatist (after 1980). Examples drawn from a panel study support the analysis of Esping-Anderson (1990, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton) that underlying the apparent stability of welfare regimes there are constant processes of negotiation and conflict which may lead to transformations at organization, sector, or regime level. Rather than simply responding to policy drivers, some housing associations have been able to influence the environment in which policy is made and thereby to shape their own and the sector's transformations.     

Design priorities and disciplinary perspectives: the case of the US National Children's Study

Summary.  The National Children's Study (NCS), which was undertaken in 2000 by collaboration between several US federal government agencies, is one of the largest and boldest longitudinal studies of children's health ever undertaken. One of the key design issues has been the nature of the NCS sample. The paper describes the nature of the choices and the reasons for the decision that the NCS be based on a national probability sample. Designed as a study of the environmental influences on children's health and development, the NCS is expected to identify, enrol and follow about 100000 children from their birth to the age of 21 years. A broad definition of relevant environments of interest, and a full partnership between government, university and medical scientists, introduces considerable challenges in the design of the study.     

中国小说现代性命名的审美视域

中国小说现代转型的缘起与走向与此后小说现代性建构直接相关。在中国小说现代性发生之际,虽然追求小说历史化功能的呼声占据主流,但小说界也的确有关心小说诗学问题的声音,从而成为一股小说变革过程中的自我制衡的力量。即使在梁启超等“新小说”的主流理论家那里,对小说文体的某些本体性认知也是存在的；而王国维等着意在小说理论与批评本身自觉做出美学理解的小说家或学者,尤其为小说现代性的完整命名做出了贡献。在小说现代性发生和命名的审美视域中,王国维等对小说诗学问题的关注以及梁启超小说理论中的双重性,一并显示出被主流话语遮蔽的小说生长的潜质。     

Design and analysis of variable fidelity experimentation applied to engine valve heat treatment process design

Summary.  When experimentation on a real system is expensive, data are often collected by using cheaper, lower fidelity surrogate systems. The paper concerns response surface methods in the context of variable fidelity experimentation. We propose the use of generalized least squares to generate the predictions. We also present perhaps the first optimal designs for variable fidelity experimentation, using an extension of the expected integrated mean-squared error criterion. Numerical tests are used to compare the performance of the method with alternatives and to investigate the robustness to incorporated assumptions. The method is applied to automotive engine valve heat treatment process design in which real world data were mixed with data from two types of computer simulation.     

Extrapolation designs and Φp-optimum designs for cubic regression on the q-ball

This paper continues earlier work of the authors in carrying out the program discussed in Kiefer (1975), of comparing the performance of designs under various optimality criteria. Designs for extrapolation problems are also obtained. The setting is that in which the controllable variable takes on values in the q-dimensional unit ball, and the regression is cubic. Thus, the ideas of comparison are tested for a model more complex than the quadratic models discussed previously. The E-optimum design performs well in terms of other criteria, as well as for extrapolation to larger balls. A method of simplifying the calculations to obtain approximately optimum designs, is illustrated.     

水围村经济发展模式浅析

地处深圳特区的水围村,10年来认真进行经济体制改革,实现了农村经济、社会和文化的均衡发展,成为物质文明和精神文明一起抓、实现“两个转变”(农民变市民,农村变城市)的典型范例。本文着重从农村经济发展道路和发展模式的角度集中分析了水固村的经济发展以及它所给予我们的启示。