Effects of Varying Response Formats on Self-ratings of Life-Satisfaction

A sample of 1,737 volunteering students, randomly assigned to 12 conditions, rated their current overall (dis)satisfaction with life. Each condition used 1 of 12 response formats, differing in (1) polarity (bipolar versus unipolar), (2) orientation (horizontal versus vertical), and (3) anchoring (−5 to +5, Not Numbered, and 0 to 10). Results For satisfaction ratings, a negative skew was found for all response formats, but, a higher percentage of respondents scored in the upper part (Midpoint to top) of the scale with anchor points (−5 to +5) than on the scales with other anchor points (Not Numbered and 0 to 10). Our results indicate that, satisfaction ratings obtained with either a unipolar or a bipolar response scale were similar, but, participants experienced some difficulty in rating life dissatisfaction using the bipolar dissatisfaction–satisfaction response scale. Moreover, this study has found that life satisfaction and dissatisfaction show a reciprocal relation, especially when assessed with two independent unipolar rating scales. These results support the inclusion of one-way unipolar response scales in the assessment of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Conclusion Our results suggest that the type of response format may influence both satisfaction and dissatisfaction ratings as well as the relationships between these two constructs.

Finite sample properties of maximum likelihood and quasi-maximum likelihood estimators of egarch models

In this paper I examine finite sample properties of the maximum likelihood and quasi-maximum likelihood estimators of EGARCH(1,1) processes using Monte Carlo methods. I use response surface methodology to summarize the results of a wide array of experiments which suggest that the maximum likelihood estimator has reasonable finite sample properties. The Gaussian quasi-maximum likelihood estimator has poor finite sample properties when the data generating process has conditional excess kurtosis. Some of these poor properties appear to be asymptotic in nature.     

A set of independent sequential residuals for the multivariate regression model

In this paper a set of residuals for the multivariate linear regression model is introduced. These residuals are shown to be independent with known distributions which do not depend on the parameters of the model. Transformations of the mentioned residuals may be used to construct exact α goodness-of-fit tests for the multivariate regression model.     

Designing for a Response Transformation Parameter

We investigate D -optimum designs for experiments in which a linear model holds after an unknown power transformation of the univariate response variable. This is a departure from standard D -optimal design in which an appropriate scale for the response is assumed known before data collection. The design problem that we formulate is intrinsically non-linear, requiring characterization of likely parameter values. Several applications are presented to illustrate the importance of recognizing the role of response transformations at the design stage.     

转型期地方政府公务员培训问题论析及应对方略———基于江苏省的调研

当下,我国已进入改革发展关键期,执政环境的深刻变化对公务员价值观念、思维方式、领导能力构成新挑战,也对公务员培训工作提出新要求.长期以来,纯政府型供给带来了公务员培训“质冶与“量冶的双重困境.由此,寻求公务员培训市场化路径,因应了公务员培训体制和运行机制改革的迫切情势.考虑到公务员培训产品的政治性、准公共性,“有限市场化冶是破解公务员培训难题的新思维.推进公务员培训“有限市场化冶,需要在完善多元主体并存的公务员培训供给体系、形成多种渠道互补的经费保障体制、建立需求导向型的公务员培训运行机制、培育竞争有序的市场发展机制等方面下功夫.     

劳动力调查中的非抽样误差问题分析

劳动力调查能反映一个国家或地区的劳动力资源分布状况和劳动就业失业情况,我国于2016年开始正式实施全国月度劳动力调查。研究者对于劳动力调查的研究多集中在抽样方案、方差估计和样本轮换上,在非抽样误差方面的专题讨论并不多。本文结合我国劳动力调查的发展历程、抽样调查设计和实际调查情况,梳理了劳动力调查中的非抽样问题的几种类型,并给出了针对性的建议,有效降低非抽样误差对劳动力调查结果的影响,也为我国其他持续监测项目预防及控制非抽样误差提供参考。     

基于生态范式的南京青奥会主题标语翻译

以南京青奥会主题标语的翻译为例,对主题标语提出时的生态环境作出了全新的阐释;同时以生态范式下的多维转换为原则,对主题标语的翻译进行了深入探讨。     

社会分层结构:机制变革与阶层相互关系

本文讨论了在市场转型过程中,中国社会分层结构中阶层间相互作用关系和结构整合机制的变革。以韦伯关于“依仗命令”和“依仗利益”的两种统治权力的理想类型为概念工具,本文区分了强制性命令权力和交易性权力两种阶层间相互作用关系和结构整合机制,并以中国社会分层结构的转型为基础,分析了上述转变的社会学意义。     

He said, she said: The gender wage gap according to self and proxy reports in the Current Population Survey

Roughly half the labor force data in the Current Population Survey (CPS) are provided by proxy respondents, and since 1979, men’s reliance on proxies has dropped dramatically while women’s reliance on proxies has increased. Few authors, however, have examined how combining these first-hand and second-hand reports may influence our understanding of long-term economic trends. We exploit the outgoing rotation group structure of the CPS by matching individual records one year apart, and we find that self-reported wages are higher than proxy-reported wages even after controlling for all time invariant characteristics. Furthermore, we find that changes in the use of proxy respondents by men and women since 1979 have made current estimates of the gender wage gap larger than they would have been without changes in reporting status. This suggests that the gender wage gap has closed more than previously estimated. We recommend that researchers combine self and proxy responses with great care, especially when analyzing time trends or making gender comparisons.     

单胚的若干性质研究

本文首先给出单胚的定义及相关定义,仿照研究群的手法,在单胚中推广结合律和交换律,重点讨论了单胚的构造,以及在同态下,单胚所具有的一些重要性质,获得了若干结论,进而使我们可以从另一个角度来研究群和环两个代数结构．