试论约翰·菲斯克的大众文化快感理论

约翰.菲斯克认为,作为大众文化内部驱动力量的快感可分生产的快感、冒犯式的身体与狂欢的快感,并对应躲避式、生产者式的两种快感运作方式,大众消费者从中进行意义生产、权力抵制。约翰.菲斯克的大众文化快感理论与罗兰.巴特身体美学、米哈伊尔.巴赫金“狂欢化”理论等思想有着丰富的渊源关系。约翰.菲斯克的大众文化快感理论在积极意义、消极影响两方面为大众文化研究提供了重要的参考系。     

大理白族稻作祭仪及其变迁

白族是历史悠久的稻作农耕民族,在白族传统的农业生产中存在着形式各异、内涵丰富的稻作祭仪。伴随着时代的发展,稻作祭仪不可避免地发生了文化变迁。文章在论述了白族稻作祭仪的变迁原因和变迁形式的基础上。指出了面对变迁怎样使民族优秀传统文化得以传承的途径。     

Accelerated test system strength models based on Birnbaum–Saunders distribution: a complete Bayesian analysis and comparison

Several models for studies related to tensile strength of materials are proposed in the literature where the size or length component has been taken to be an important factor for studying the specimens’ failure behaviour. An important model, developed on the basis of cumulative damage approach, is the three-parameter extension of the Birnbaum–Saunders fatigue model that incorporates size of the specimen as an additional variable. This model is a strong competitor of the commonly used Weibull model and stands better than the traditional models, which do not incorporate the size effect. The paper considers two such cumulative damage models, checks their compatibility with a real dataset, compares them with some of the recent toolkits, and finally recommends a model, which appears an appropriate one. Throughout the study is Bayesian based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation.     

VARIATIONAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS FOR HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS

The variational approach to Bayesian inference enables simultaneous estimation of model parameters and model complexity. An interesting feature of this approach is that it also leads to an automatic choice of model complexity. Empirical results from the analysis of hidden Markov models with Gaussian observation densities illustrate this. If the variational algorithm is initialized with a large number of hidden states, redundant states are eliminated as the method converges to a solution, thereby leading to a selection of the number of hidden states. In addition, through the use of a variational approximation, the deviance information criterion for Bayesian model selection can be extended to the hidden Markov model framework. Calculation of the deviance information criterion provides a further tool for model selection, which can be used in conjunction with the variational approach.     

A variable-neighbourhood search algorithm for finding optimal run orders in the presence of serial correlation

The responses obtained from response surface designs that are run sequentially often exhibit serial correlation or time trends. The order in which the runs of the design are performed then has an impact on the precision of the parameter estimators. This article proposes the use of a variable-neighbourhood search algorithm to compute run orders that guarantee a precise estimation of the effects of the experimental factors. The importance of using good run orders is demonstrated by seeking D-optimal run orders for a central composite design in the presence of an AR(1) autocorrelation pattern.     

翻译标准的多元性、动态性和模糊性

翻译标准是衡量译文质量优劣的一种尺度,古今中外关于翻译标准的论述异彩纷呈,但没有一个放之四海而皆准的标准。通过分析各种翻译标准发现,翻译标准难以统一的主要原因在于翻译标准的本质特性,即：翻译标准的多元性、动态性和模糊性。     

The performance of model averaged tail area confidence intervals

We investigate the exact coverage and expected length properties of the model averaged tail area (MATA) confidence interval proposed by Turek and Fletcher, CSDA, 2012, in the context of two nested, normal linear regression models. The simpler model is obtained by applying a single linear constraint on the regression parameter vector of the full model. For given length of response vector and nominal coverage of the MATA confidence interval, we consider all possible models of this type and all possible true parameter values, together with a wide class of design matrices and parameters of interest. Our results show that, while not ideal, MATA confidence intervals perform surprisingly well in our regression scenario, provided that we use the minimum weight within the class of weights that we consider on the simpler model.     

Optimum designs for parameter estimation in a mixture experiment with two correlated responses

In this paper, we investigate a mixture problem with two responses, which are functions of the mixing proportions, and are correlated with known dispersion matrix. We obtain D- and A-optimal designs for estimating the parameters of the response functions, when none or some of the regression coefficients of the two functions are the same. It is shown that when no prior knowledge about the regression coefficients is available, the D-optimal design is independent of the dispersion matrix, while the A-optimal design depends on it, provided the response functions are of different degree. On the other hand, when some of the regression coefficients are known to be the same for both the functions, the D-optimal design depends on the dispersion matrix when the two response functions are not of the same degree.     

Generalized minimum aberration mixed-level orthogonal arrays: A general approach based on sequential integer quadratically constrained quadratic programming

Orthogonal fractional factorial designs and in particular orthogonal arrays (OAs) are frequently used in many fields of application, including medicine, engineering, and agriculture. In this article, we present a methodology and an algorithm to find an OA, of given size and strength, which satisfies the generalized minimum aberration criterion. The methodology is based on the joint use of polynomial counting functions, complex coding of levels, and algorithms for quadratic optimization and puts no restriction on the number of levels of each factor.     

上海米号业嘉谷堂房产纠纷解析——兼论中日战争对上海粮食行业的影响

抗战期间,上海市米号业同业公会会所——嘉谷堂被难民占住。抗战结束以后,为了收回会所,公会方面与十余家占住户打了多年的官司,直至新中国建立后的1954年才最终获得解决。抗战胜利以后,上海粮食业本就饱受恶性通胀和政府管制之苦,处境艰难,而旧址被占,更使其业务的开展受到严重的空间制约。从这个意义上说,中日战争不仅打乱了上海粮食行业的发展之路,也给它在战后恢复正常的运作秩序埋下了隐患。