Dependent masking and system life data analysis: Bayesian inference for two-component systems

Data from field operations of a system is often used to estimate the reliability of components. Under ideal circumstances, this system field data contains the time to failure along with information on the exact component responsible for the system failure. However, in many cases, the exact component causing the failure of the system cannot be identified, and is considered to be masked. Previously developed models for estimation of component reliability from masked system life data have been based upon the assumption that masking occurs independently of the true cause of system failure. In this paper we develop a Bayesian methodology for estimating component reliabilities from masked system life data when the probability of masking is dependent upon the true cause of system failure. The Bayesian approach is illustrated for the case of a two-component system of exponentially distributed components.     

SPLINE SMOOTHER AS A DYNAMIC LINEAR MODEL

The paper shows how a finite dimensional representation of a cubic smoothing spline can be put in the framework of a dynamic linear model. The formulation provides an updating scheme when observations do not occur sequentially in time or space.     

从认知语用推理视阈管窥广告英语翻译

随着经济全球化的发展,广告翻译在国际交流中的作用显得越来越重要。文章从关联理论的认知语用推理视角出发,结合熊学亮的单项语境推导模式解读广告英语翻译,从而为广告英语翻译实践提供了理论依据。     

从关联理论看《英雄》字幕翻译中译者的主体性

以电影《英雄》的字幕英译为例,拟从关联理论的角度出发,探讨译者的主体性。关联理论视翻译为一种涉及人的大脑机制推理的语内或语际间的明示-推理阐释活动,认为译者作为原文作者与译文读者之间的协调人,要推断原文作者的交际意图、译文读者的认知语境及阅读期待,选择合适的翻译策略,充分发挥自己的主观能动性,促使原文作者与译文读者之间成功地完成交际。     

模糊取式推理的R0方法

用R0蕴涵算子描述了模糊命题“若A则B”,并通过一个例子给出了运用模糊取式推理的R0方法进行推理的具体操作过程．结果表明,运用该模糊推理得到的结论是与人们的思想相吻合的．     

英语专业新生在项目学习中角色转变的实证研究

项目学习是一种以学生为主体的教学模式,在英语专业新生中实施项目学习,首先面临的挑战便是在项目学习中的角色转变。依据教育心理学的行为矫正理论、项目学习理论和当代评价理论,构建了项目学习中的行为干预模式,旨在帮助新生从独立与竞争型的学习者转变为自主与合作型的学习者。运用该行为干预模式对英语专业新生进行实证研究的结果表明：项目学习中的行为干预模式有助于促进学生在项目学习中的角色转变,有助于发挥学生学习的合作性与自主性。     

采用单测量源的拓扑推断算法

为了减少拓扑推断中需要时钟同步和节点间合作的限制,提出了一种仅需要单个测量源并且不需要时钟同步的运输车测量方法,该方法可以测量目的地址共享链路的排队时延。设计了根据排队时延推断拓扑结构的算法。理论证明了基于运输车测量方法和排队时延推断网络拓扑的可行性和正确性,并通过NS2进行了仿真,仿真结果表明基于运输车测量方法和排队时延能够准确的推断网络拓扑结构。     

“前”字所反映的汉民族的时间认知

汉语中存在大量的"前"字所组成的时间词。这些时间词反映出汉民族的时间是空间的认知,表现出汉语空间—时间隐喻的直线性模式。这其中又存在两套时间是空间的隐喻系统——"时间移动"隐喻系统和"自我移动"隐喻系统,依据两个系统绝大部分时间词的语义已"脱离语境化",但少数时间词的语义并没有完全固化,需要认知语境的参与,进行认知推理,才能获取其意义。     

A Method to Handle Zero Counts in the Multinomial Model

In the context of an objective Bayesian approach to the multinomial model, Dirichlet(a, …, a) priors with a < 1 have previously been shown to be inadequate in the presence of zero counts, suggesting that the uniform prior (a = 1) is the preferred candidate. In the presence of many zero counts, however, this prior may not be satisfactory either. A model selection approach is proposed, allowing for the possibility of zero parameters corresponding to zero count categories. This approach results in a posterior mixture of Dirichlet distributions and marginal mixtures of beta distributions, which seem to avoid the problems that potentially result from the various proposed Dirichlet priors, in particular in the context of extreme data with zero counts.