Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology after childbirth – A Croatian longitudinal study

Background

Following childbirth, a vast number of women experience some degree of mood swings, while some experience symptoms of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder.

Randomized controlled trial of the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with undergraduate university students

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the Resilience and Coping Intervention (RCI) with college students. Participants: College students (aged 18–23) from a large Midwest US university who volunteered for a randomized controlled trial during the 2015 spring semester. Methods: College students were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 64) or a control (n = 65) group. Intervention participants received three 45-minute RCI sessions over subsequent weeks. All participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments at the beginning of Week 1 and end of Week 3. Student resilience, coping, hope, stress, depression, and anxiety were assessed. Results. RCI participants reported significantly more hope and less stress and depression from Week 1 to Week 3 compared with control participants. Results for resilience also approached statistical significance. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Conclusions: This study found preliminary evidence that RCI is an effective resilience intervention for use with college students.     

Tracking weight change,insulin resistance,stress, and aerobic fitness over 4 years of college

Objective: To determine if weight gain is accompanied by development of insulin resistance (IR) during 4 years in college. Participants: Two cohorts of college students were enrolled in fall semesters 2009 and 2010 and tracked for 4 years. Methods: Following a 12-hour fast, subjects reported for measurement of body mass index (BMI), perceived stress (PSS), aerobic fitness, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipids. Results: In the first year, 33% of subjects were overweight or obese, and 20% were hyperinsulinemic. Year 4 had 29 remaining subjects with disproportionate attrition of overweight and obese individuals. Just over half the subjects gained weight (WI), whereas nearly 30% lost considerable amounts (WD). WD showed significant decline in fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and PSS from year 1. WI was primarily highly fit men who did not demonstrate increased IR. Conclusion: WI was not associated with IR over 4 years of college.     

Promoting healthy transition to college through mindfulness training with first-year college students: Pilot randomized controlled trial

Objective: Given the importance of developmental transitions on young adults' lives and the high rates of mental health issues among U.S. college students, first-year college students can be particularly vulnerable to stress and adversity. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of mindfulness training aiming to promote first-year college students' health and wellbeing. Participants: 109 freshmen were recruited from residential halls (50% Caucasian, 66% female). Data collection was completed in November 2014. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted utilizing the Learning to BREATHE (L2B) program, a universal mindfulness program adapted to match the developmental tasks of college transition. Results: Participation in the pilot intervention was associated with significant increase in students' life satisfaction, and significant decrease in depression and anxiety. Marginally significant decrease was found for sleep issues and alcohol consequences. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based programs may be an effective strategy to enhance a healthy transition into college.     

College students coping with interpersonal stress: Examining a control-based model of coping

Objective: The ways that college students cope with stress, particularly interpersonal stress, may be a critical factor in determining which students are at risk for impairing mental health disorders. Using a control-based model of coping, the present study examined associations between interpersonal stress, coping strategies, and symptoms. Participants: A total of 135 undergraduate students from 2 universities. Methods: Interpersonal stress, coping strategies, depression, anxiety, and somatization were assessed via self-report. Results: Students reporting more interpersonal stress reported more depression, anxiety, and somatization, and they reported less use of engagement coping strategies and greater use of disengagement coping strategies. Engagement coping strategies accounted for a significant portion of the association between interpersonal stress and mental health symptoms. Unexpectedly, coping strategies did not moderate the association between stress and mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Interventions designed to improve students' coping strategies may be an effective way to reduce mental health problems on college campuses.     

Work–Family Conflict: Coping Strategies Adopted by Social Workers

There is a growing literature investigating the association between coping and work stress among social workers. An area that remains under-researched is the association between work–family conflict and coping. The present study explored the coping strategies adopted by social workers in dealing with the competing demands emanating from their work and family domains. In a larger study involving 439 Australian social workers, we analyzed the responses to two open-ended questions that explored the challenges experienced by social workers in meeting their work and family demands, and the coping strategies they adopt to deal with these challenges. The findings confirm that social workers experience work–family conflict and they adopt several coping strategies to deal with it including support from supervisors and colleagues, cognitive reframing, timely communication, setting clear expectations, time management, job flexibility and developing personal hobbies. We discuss the implications of our findings for social work policy and practice.     

夯实中国特色社会主义发展的“奠基工程”——兼论推进大学生马克思主义中国化时代化大众化教育的作用

培养对中国特色社会主义有感情,忠诚于中国特色社会主义的大批合格的接班人和建设者,是当代中国共产党人一个无法回避的重大问题,必须重视培养青年大学生在发展中国特色社会主义中的奠基作用。中国化马克思主义理论是科学的世界观和方法论的集中体现,是推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设全面发展的指导方针,具有崇高的历史地位和伟大的理论和实践价值,必须重视大学生马克思主义中国化时代化大众化教育的发展作用。坚持和巩固中国化马克思主义在高等学校的指导地位关键在党,关键在人,必须重视高校推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化主阵地和思想库的创新与引领作用。     

情境、角色与媒介:对《人生》两版本中集市与文化馆场景的分析

路遥的小说<人生>和由其编剧的同名电影中,均出现了富于文化意味的集市和文化馆场景,它们在艺术作品中呈现了社会转型期的城乡文化景现.也具有某种叙事潜能.借助对小说<人生>和电影<人生>的解读.研究者可以透视这两个场景的叙事功能.并在欧文·戈夫曼的传播理论基础上对其文化意味进行比较和阐释.     

关于高周疲劳损伤演化方程的讨论

首先,指出Lemaitre等提出的高周疲劳损伤演化方程只适用于等效应力循环为等幅的加载情形.然后,基于等效应力循环为不等幅的加载情形,推导出适用于高周疲劳的损伤演化方程,说明上述等幅加载情形的损伤演化方程只是高周疲劳损伤演化方程的一个特例,且后者的结果更具一般性.     

“城市”考释——中国古代的商业与城市化进程

“城”最初是人类修建的环卫聚居处的防御性建筑,最初的功能是政治性和军事性的最初的功能是政治性和军事性的。它的出现大约在新石器时期的晚期到青铜时代早期。而“市”虽然出现较早,但它的完善与发展与“城”息息相关。而“市”对“城”从一种必要的补充进而到相互促进和发展。如今,人们认识到我国城市的发展离不开经济的发展,其中农业尤为重要,甚至取决于农业的发展。