Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review

Problem

Fear of childbirth negatively affects women during pregnancy and after birth.

Spilling the T on Trans-Misogyny and Microaggressions: An Intersectional Oppression and Social Process Among Trans Women

ABSTRACT

Minority stress frameworks seek to explain how stress impacts the health of minorities. Examining the social location of trans women in society is critical to understand the unique forms of oppression that engender stress and microaggression for trans women. This article uses intersectionality to examine the lived experiences of young trans women and develop new theoretical concepts to understand the social process of trans-misogyny. We use grounded theory to analyze semistructured, in-depth interviews conducted with 38 young trans women ages 16–24 in Los Angeles and Chicago. Our findings describe key concepts: trans-misogyny, cis-sexism, the passing complex, and transition work. We describe how trans-misogyny acts as an intersectional, interlocking structure of oppression, fueling the passing complex, and, as a result, how trans women experience overt and covert forms of discrimination.     

干旱胁迫对不同品种绿豆种子萌发的影响

以4个品种绿豆种子为材料,用不同浓度的 PEG -6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫进行处理,测定发芽势、发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性,探究干旱胁迫对绿豆种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着 PEG 浓度的增加,4种绿豆种子的发芽势、发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长呈下降趋势。当 PEG 浓度为5-10%时,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性均呈小幅上升趋势;当 PEG 浓度为15%时,各酶活性急剧上升到最高值,且各酶活力的升高幅度有所不同;当 PEG 浓度为20%时,各酶活性急剧下降。     

跨国公司海外子公司战略选择的S-SWOT模型研究

跨国公司海外子公司在进行战略选择时,对内部组织条件的分析不仅要考虑子公司自身的优劣势,还应当考虑跨国公司网络内部的母合优势和母合劣势;对外部环境的分析不仅要考虑子公司所在的东道国环境,还要考虑与子公司相关的母国环境和全球环境;同时还必须结合海外子公司角色机制和跨国公司自身战略等影响因素,方能实现海外子公司当地运营和跨国公司全球配置的利益协同。     

分离机转鼓强度评定方法的对比研究

针对传统分离机转鼓的强度算法偏于保守,无法准确进行强度评定的缺点,将应力分析设计方法应用于转鼓的 强度评定。基于ANSYS Workhench有限元软件建立碟式分离机转鼓组件的有限元模型,进行正常工况下的静力分析,获 得转鼓筒体的应力和变形分布结果,并分别基于传统强度理论和应力分析设计方法对转鼓筒体的应力进行评定。分析 表明基于应力分析设计方法可以获得更加合理的评定结果,对建立分离机转鼓强度评定准则具有一定的指导意义。     

AZ31B镁合金复合陶瓷涂层在SBF溶液中的应力腐蚀研究

为了研究微弧氧化一电泳沉积复合陶瓷涂层对镁合金在模拟体液( SBF)中的应力腐蚀行为的影响程度,采用微 弧氧化一电泳沉积的复合处理方法在A23IB镁合金表面制备复合陶瓷涂层,使用电化学实验和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究 有无复合陶瓷涂层在SBF溶液中的腐蚀和应力腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：复合陶瓷涂层能提高A23IB镁合金在SBF溶 液的耐蚀性能,但是对A23IB镁合金在SBF溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性影响甚微。     

施磷对水分胁迫下大豆根系特性的影响

本研究以大豆吉育47为试验材料,通过盆栽土培法研究了施磷量对不同生育时期水分胁迫下大豆根系特性的影响。结果表明,增加施磷量能相对增加水分胁迫下大豆根系干物重和大豆根系活跃吸收面积,提高根系活力。所以,在干旱条件下对大豆施用磷肥能提高其根系代谢活性,从而有助于提高其抗旱能力。     

Stress and Pressures in Mental Health Social Work: The Worker Speaks

Two-thirds of councils with social services responsibilities(CSSRs) took part in a UK survey of mental health social workers.A one in five sample of front line workers was drawn, and 237respondents completed a questionnaire and diary about theirwork context and content, and their attitudes to their work,their employer, mental health policy and the place of mentalhealth social work in modernized mental health services. Thequestions, that called for free-text responses, were completedin detail and at length. This paper reports the results of aqualitative analysis of these responses using NVIVO software.The paper is structured around the themes emerging from theanalysis: pressure of work; staffing matters; job satisfactionand well-being; recruitment and retention issues; and beingvalued. The conclusions are that the social workers value faceto face contact with service users, and that their commitmentto service users is an important factor in staff retention.The most unsatisfactory aspects of their work context arisefrom not feeling valued by their employers and wider society,and some of the most satisfactory from the support of colleaguesand supervisors. Without attention to these factors, recruitmentand retention problems will remain an unresolved issue.     

Coping Styles in Persons Recovering from Substance Abuse

This qualitative study was conducted among persons recoveringfrom substance abuse. The data were collected in three rehabilitationfacilities in Trinidad in 2002–03. The aim was to examinethe types of coping strategies which subjects used and learnedin response to stressful and problematic life situations, startingwith experiences related to childhood and socialization. Thecoping styles reported were overwhelming in the category ofemotion-focused coping, developed in the main to regulate stressin uncontrollable situations in childhood and to cope with theloss of significant others. Only a minority used, or were ableto use, problem-focused or social support coping strategiesto meet stressful events. It is suggested that the observedbias in the development of the individuals’ coping ‘armamentarium’might have had, in the long run, negative implications for individuals’capacity to meet ongoing challenges of life. This has criticalimplications for how we fashion preventive approaches to theproblem of substance abuse.     

Stress, subjective and objective health

The aim of this article is to describe the main physiological stress responses and to analyse under which conditions these responses are health-promoting versus health-damaging, and how subjective and objective health is related. The brain communicates with the rest of the body through nerves, hormones and the immune system. Thus, perceived stress affects various systems and organs in the body, such as the cardiovascular and the gastrointestinal systems, sleep and breathing patterns, healing processes, the effectiveness of the immune system and, by feedback mechanisms, the brain itself. These bodily responses to stress have developed during evolution and are necessary for survival and protection of the body. However, activation of the stress systems means energy mobilisation, and in modern society, where stress is often induced by mental and psychosocial conditions, the mobilisation of energy for fight or flight may have harmful consequences on various bodily systems. To maintain health, repeated or long-term activation of these systems, i.e. catabolic processes, has to be followed by periods of rest and restitution to allow growth, healing and buildup of new resources, i.e. anabolic processes.