Deliberate simple rule creation and use: Activities and challenges

Using ‘simple rules’ may enable managers to take organizational decisions more rapidly. While prior research presents advantages of simple rule use during strategy formation, we lack insights into how firms can deliberately create simple rules and mitigate the challenges during strategy implementation. This is particularly interesting for established firms struggling to leverage their wealth of experience. We explore how managers of a multinational corporation deliberately create and use simple rules to implement the firm's growth strategy. Drawing on interviews and secondary data, we reveal the activities through which managers ensure the relevance and legitimacy of codified simple rules, yet also establish causality between simple rules and outcomes. Simple rule creation is accomplished via bottom-up identification and lateral validation, its use via consistent top-down guiding and timely adaptation. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on the evolution of simple rules and aspects of strategy implementation more generally.     

基于杂合遗传算法的工艺路线可变Job Shop调度研究

提出一种将遗传算法与启发式规则、模拟退火法等搜索方法结合在一起的杂合遗传算法,用于求解工艺路线可变的JobShop调度问题。通过对某双极型集成电路封装企业的JobShop调度仿真,结果表明算法是有效和可行的。     

From social ties to embedded competencies: the case of business groups

Our current views of economic competition are still rooted in the imagery of the isolated firm that transacts with its buyers, suppliers, and competitors via largely anonymous factor and product markets. Yet this view is fundamentally at odds with the growing importance of business groups in the global economy. We thus need a reconceptualized version of our idea of economic competition, which is capable of explaining competitive advantage at the group-versus-group rather than firm-versus-firm level of analysis. In the present paper we build on insights derived from organizational sociology and organizational economics to develop a business group-level theory of competition and competitive advantage based on embedded competencies.

《中华人民共和国会计法》英译文简评

评述了我国会计法英译文中突出存在的词汇和句法两个方面的主要错误 ,指出在翻译中国法律文件时要做到的一点是遵循一定的法律文件英译规律 ,如突出法律行为的主体、不滥用被动句、遵守原文的句型等 ,并且要吃透原文而加以忠实翻译 ,呼吁提高国家级的法律文件英译文的质量 ,尽快开展省级涉外法规的英译及其规范化工作     

产品设计的符号学解构

设计具有复杂性,它既不是科学也不是艺术。用符号学的方法来解析设计,产品设计的实质就是以实用功能为核心的文化价值传达,同时也包括审美功能;设计的目的是将造型语言所包含的文化价值如实地传达给消费者;为此,造型设计必须符合其符号学规则,包括语构学规则、语义学规则和语用学规则,规则的复杂性决定设计的复杂性,所以,对这些规则的研究是产品设计体系的基础。     

从周公摄政的争论说到历史考证

关于周公在周初政治上的角色问题,战国后期曾有冢宰摄政之说,２０世纪学者在疑古思潮影响下又提出形形色色的标新立异之说,或以为周公并非摄政,竟是称王了;或以为莫说称王,连摄政也是后世伪造;甚或以为周公实为　篡　窃。仔细分析这些论说,其中误读古书者有之,推理失简者有之,于文献　考　古间心存偏见者有之。在周公摄政讨论中暴露出的问题普遍存在于几乎所有历史事件的考证之中,为此有必要规范考证,勿使历史研究堕落为随心所欲的自由谈。     

世贸规则与中国法律的应对

加入WTO使中国法律面临一系列冲击和影响,了解掌握世贸规则,并采取相应的法律对策,是中国法律界面临的共同任务。我们要正确看待我国“入世”后的法律调整,加强我国的立法工作;认真研究世贸规则,尽力维护民族利益;积极参加世贸新规则谈判;继续改革开放,逐步完善社会主义市场经济制度;加快政府管理体制改革,推进政府决策民主化和依法行政。     

政府法令与民间惯行:以国民政府颁行年利20%为中心

南京国民政府实行年利率不得超过 2 0 %的法令 ,但这一法令仅在个别地区有些微作用 ,总体来说始终处于“表达”层面 ,而无“实践”意义 ,乡村借贷在很大程度上仍受着传统惯行而非国家法律的支配 ,高利贷横行的格局一直未曾根本改变。也就是说 ,在离开高利贷农村社会经济就无法运转的历史条件下 ,仅靠一纸行政命令是不可能消灭高利贷的 ,在现代农村金融建立和健全以前 ,高利贷仍有生存和发展的空间 ,甚至与现代农村金融是相辅相成的     

Central Limit Theorem approximations for the number of runs in Markov-dependent binary sequences

We consider Markov-dependent binary sequences and study various types of success runs (overlapping, non-overlapping, exact, etc.) by examining additive functionals based on state visits and transitions in an appropriate Markov chain. We establish a multivariate Central Limit Theorem for the number of these types of runs and obtain its covariance matrix by means of the recurrent potential matrix of the Markov chain. Explicit expressions for the covariance matrix are given in the Bernoulli and a simple Markov-dependent case by expressing the recurrent potential matrix in terms of the stationary distribution and the mean transition times in the chain. We also obtain a multivariate Central Limit Theorem for the joint number of non-overlapping runs of various sizes and give its covariance matrix in explicit form for Markov dependent trials.     

Comment

Bonferroni inequalities often provide tight upper and lower bounds for the probability of a union of events. The bounds are especially useful when this probability is difficult to compute exactly. There are situations, however, in which the Bonferroni approach gives very poor results. An example is given in which the upper and lower Bonferroni bounds are far from the probability they seek to approximate and successive bounds do not converge. Even an improved first upper Bonferroni bound may not be close to the probability of the union of events.