社会工作的优势理论——预防留守儿童犯罪问题的新视角

随着改革开放和市场经济的发展,农村剩余劳动力的不断转移,农村留守儿童规模越来越大,农村留守儿童犯罪呈上升趋势。本文在总结农村留守儿童犯罪现状及原因的基础上,引入社会工作的优势理论这一新视角,并运用优势视角对农村留守儿童犯罪问题进行解析,希望通过挖掘和发挥农村留守儿童自身及其周围环境的资源和优势,预防和控制农村留守儿童犯罪,让这一特殊群体可以健康成长。     

广州开展农村社会工作的发生机理和发展优势研究

面对农村的现实处境,在中国发展社会工作专业不能不重视农村。本文研究了广州开展农村社会工作的发生机理,探讨了广州发展农村社会工作经济优势、地缘优势、政策优势、专业优势和先行优势。广州可以利用这些优势,积极对农村社会工作的支持力度。     

改革开放 40 年我国农村法治进展与展望

改革开放 40 年来,我国农村法治建设取得了前所未有的成就,具有中国特色的农业农村法律体系基本成型,涉农法律实施机制日益完善,农村社会守法共荣的法治观念明显增强。 以促进农业产业发展、农村建设和农民权益保护为主要目标的农业农村法律体系,和以权利调整、农业补贴、农业市场准入为主要手段的农业农村法律调控机制,成为推进我国农村改革和农业产业调整的重要力量。 面向新时代,需充分发挥农村法治在乡村振兴中的保障作用,并从立法、执法、司法、守法各个环节全方位推进我国农业农村现代化建设。     

Absent Role of the State: Analysis of Social Support to Older People with Disabilities in Rural China

China is experiencing rapid population ageing and already has 44 million older people with disabilities aged over 59 years. Yet social support of these older people with disabilities is undeveloped and not well researched. This article contributes by using a disability rights framework (right to life and protection, economic security and social support) to analyze local cases in rural China. It finds that, although the family is still the main provider of economic and care support to rural older people with disabilities, the absence of a state role in welfare provision has negative impacts on the well‐being of older and younger generations in rural families.     

河北省新农保试点推进中的难点问题研究

本文基于对河北省新型农村养老保险试点地区的问卷调查,从多视角分析试点运行过程中存在的现实难点问题。研究发现,新农保的制度内容普及度较低、制度吸引力相对不足、制度执行力急需改善、制度公信力期待提升。为保障新农保的稳健性与制度优化,本文提出若干具有针对性的政策建议,以期为促进新型农村养老保险制度的健康可持续发展提供改革参考。     

Social Work and Disadvantage: Addressing the Roots of Stigma through Association

Abstract

This paper reports on a small-scale research study that explores the impact of climate change on rural women. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 7 women, who came from a regional centre and were either employed by women's services or who had activist roles within the community pertaining to women's services. Outcomes of the study identified a range of areas of impact, including increased hardship for rural women, implications of household roles, and subsequent organisational responsibilities. A high level of concern, particularly for the vulnerability of women in crisis, was identified among participants. We contend that the effects of climate change are becoming increasingly relevant to the social work profession and that specific groups such as women are at risk of further disadvantage unless collective action is taken to circumvent the impact of climate change. Strategies for social work practice and policy initiatives are considered.     

法社会学视野下的农村人民调解解读与重构

法社会学的外部分析视角、对活法的关注以及对法律的功能分析对于农村人民调解有良好的借鉴价值。农村人民调解充分考虑到法律及影响法律的其他外部因素,考虑到农村的传统习惯与活法对社会冲突的作用,而且农村人民调解有利于农村社会有机体的自我调整和自我完善。农村人民调解应在受理范围上进一步扩大与明确,在队伍建设和组织机构上应进一步提高与完善,在与法院诉讼和行政调解的关系上应做好良好的分工与衔接。     

Community Based Rural Health Care in India

SUMMARY

India is a large country, geographically as well as popula-tionwise. The majority of its population lives in rural areas, i.e., villages. Again, most of the villages are in remote areas. The State has been making sincere efforts to make the basic social services accessible to all in the rural area. Health being one of the vital services, it has been a challenging task before the State to extend it to the remote rural areas, many of which are not yet connected by motorable roads. As a result of various experiments carried out over the last five decades, the State has developed a fairly well-designed primary health care service, and it is in operation in rural areas. However, there appears to be a striking gap between the delivery of health services in rural areas and utilization of the services by the people. Attempts have been made in this article to apprise the readers of the health service system in India, and it discusses the issue of health service delivery at the village level. The discussion is based on a small study carried out in a rural area in the State of West Bengal (India) where students of social work of the University to which the author belongs are placed for field work. Following the inputs received through supervision of the students' work, the study was initiated and conducted.

This article based on the study seeks to focus on peoples' perception of the health services as provided by the State in rural areas, which in turn gets reflected in the extent to which they utilize the services. Social workers being an integral part of the health set up, their role bears special significance. Discussion, therefore, centres on scope for social work intervention at the community level as well as in institutional level of the health service delivery system to make the services meaningful and effective in rural areas. In fact, it has to take the leadership role in reforming the service delivery system when required.     

Rural Homeless Shelters: A Comparative Analysis

Although there has been some increased attention to the issue of homelessness and homeless shelter services, little effort has been made to understand the operation of rural homeless shelters. This situation persists despite decades of effort showing that the rural environment provides a very different context for the delivery of services than an urban environment. This study hypothesized that contextual differences in rural environments would produce various strategies of service delivery among homeless shelters. A typology of rural environments was created. Homeless shelters within each of four cells of the typology were selected. Comparative case study analysis provided partial support for the hypothesis.