农村最低生活保障制度实施的公平性研究--基于对甘肃省326户农民家庭调研数据的分析

公平公正地选择低保户是实现政府农村社会保障政策目标的基础。本文采用对甘肃省326户农户的调研数据,通过构建低保户识别的二元Logistic模型和低保政策公平性评价的有序多值Logistic模型,判断和分析甘肃省农村最低生活保障制度实施的公平性及其影响因素。研究发现,在低保户初步评估中村委会工作缺乏准确性、公正性,民众参与程度不高,农户对低保政策了解程度偏低,政策落实过程中存在“人情保”、“关系保”现象。说明基层相关工作与政策规定有所偏离,应加大力度规范政策落实的基层工作,使其公开化、透明化、民主化,强化政策的宣传力度,提高农户对政策的认识和理解。     

中国农村大龄未婚男性安全性行为倾向的影响因素：基于计划行为理论的研究

本文基于计划行为理论,研究了受到婚姻挤压的农村大龄未婚男性安全套使用倾向的心理因素和社会人口统计因素。数据来源于2008年8月-9月西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽JC区开展的＂农村大龄男性生殖健康和家庭生活调查＂。Logistic回归分析结果显示,积极的互动态度、较高的性伴规范,较高的知觉行为控制和首次性行为中使用了安全套的经历与大龄未婚男性安全套使用倾向显著正相关。此外,较小年龄组的未婚男性更倾向于使用安全套。本研究结果有助于我们更好地理解农村大龄未婚男性安全套使用机制,能为促进农村地区安全性行为的干预项目提供理论借鉴和支持。     

村级计划生育工作与稳定低生育水平

我国稳定低生育水平工作的重点在农村。而农村目前存在干部认识不到位、依法行政不规范、宣传教育不深入、队伍素质不高、资金投入不足等问题。应采取强化宣传、村民自治、优质服务、正确导向、有效管理等措施 ,以确保农村低生育水平的稳定     

Constructions of local culture and impacts on domestic violence in an Australian rural community

Studies of domestic violence in rural areas have predominantly focused on barriers that keep women trapped in abusive relationships. The literature has frequently suggested that rural culture influences the incidence of domestic violence, the forms it takes, and how it is experienced. Yet there is surprisingly little research on how rural culture plays out in relationships between women and men who experience domestic violence. The study described in this paper explored local culture in a South Australian rural community and how it affected women's experiences of, and men's perpetration of, domestic violence. It found several local cultural discourses that bore on the issue, including self-reliance, pride, privacy, belonging and closeness, family, and Christianity. The power and influence of these discourses made it difficult to name and challenge domestic violence. The paper concludes with the argument that it is important to acknowledge and understand the values and beliefs of rural women and men when developing effective and appropriate responses to rural domestic violence. There is a need to move away from universal understandings of a rural culture to acknowledge discourses that have power and strength within a community so that we can sensitively challenge discourses that silence domestic violence.     

财政支出绩效评价研究——以农村劳动力转移培训为例

对财政支出进行绩效评价是提高财政效率、改善公共资源配置的有效途径,也是落实科学发展观的重要举措。当前,各地政府加大了对农村劳动力转移培训的财政支持,那么巨额投入是否获得了预期的效果,财政资金在多大程度上改进了民生呢?本文尝试对农村劳动力转移培训的财政支出进行绩效评价,并以河南省开封市的阳光工程为例,对该评价体系进行实证运用。     

“温馨”风俗背后的苦涩与悲凉－也谈沈从文抗战前小说中的风俗描写

本文以沈从文抗战前的乡土小说为考察对象,对其间为人们所乐于称道的风俗描写进行了新的分析与开掘,着重揭示了在那“温馨浪漫”的边地风俗背后所隐含的悲凉、凄惨和辛酸、无奈,并以此对“新时期”以来沈从文研究中的误读现象提出了批评.     

The politics of place: Official,intermediate and community discourses in depopulated rural areas of Central Spain. The case of the Riaza river valley (Segovia,Spain)

This paper provides theoretical and methodological arguments to study the politics of space in small marginal and depopulated areas of Spain. The case for research is the Riaza river valley in the province of Segovia.     

乡村教育与社会流动：对皖南宅坦村的历史社会学考察

宅坦村是以胡氏宗族为核心、以血缘关系为纽带的村落共同体。为了弥补国家在乡村教育上的"缺位",胡氏宗族积极整合宗族内部的经济资源和文化资源,发展乡村教育事业。胡氏宗族在乡村教育上的行动,在一定程度上提高了宗族成员的文化素质,进而推动着宗族成员的社会流动,完成从"民"到"官"或"民"到"商"的身份转换。社会流动并未导致胡氏宗族分崩离析,反而强化了宗族认同。     

流动的村庄:乡土社会的双二元格局与不确定性 ———皖东T 村的社会形态

在安徽东部T村，向城市流动的群体范围在不断扩大，村民生活方式越来越趋向二元化，流动导致了乡土社会双重二元化格局的形成。在这一格局中，农民经受着既非市民亦非农民的身份认同困惑，以及对未来预期的高不确定性。对城市和乡村的不确定预期，使得农村居民不得不通过不断的流动来增加保障。不确定性造成农民发展风险和成本的提高，同时也可能引发农民重复投资和资源的浪费。     

Rurality discourses and the role of the social enterprise in regenerating rural Scotland

Social enterprises are businesses with primarily social objectives that reinvest their surplus in the community rather than seeking to maximise profit for shareholders. However, there is a debate regarding the drivers and the role of the social enterprise, the outcome of which is expected to have serious implications for the future of the institution [Brady, C., 2003. Social Enterprise development and the Role of the Social Economy in Scotland. CBS Network, Edinburgh]. A ‘reformist’ view supports the position that social enterprises are simple extensions of existing economic systems, whereas a ‘radical’ stance sees them as the embodiment of an alternative vision of running local economies. Development Trusts (DTs) are social enterprises that focus on community regeneration. Our research explored DT stakeholder views regarding the role of DTs in regenerating rural Scotland. Using Q methodology [Barry, J., Proops, J., 1999. Seeking sustainability discourses with Q methodology. Ecological Economics, 28, 337–345], we drew on ‘rurality’ discourses [Frouws, J., 1998. The contested redefinition of the countryside. An analysis of rural discourses in The Netherlands. Sociologia Ruralis 38(1), 54–68] expressed by DT stakeholders in order to investigate how these discourses informed their views. Radical positions were mostly associated with a hedonist rurality discourse and were split into three sub-discourses, whereas reformist positions mostly reflected a utilitarian rurality discourse. There was consensus between discourses in rejecting a primary DT contribution to rural regeneration by substituting state and local authority functions in rural Scotland. Results suggest that stakeholders prefer that DTs develop their own agendas and activity rather than try to substitute unsuccessful state or local authority provision of rural services. Social enterprise strategies and support policies promoting a service-providing role for DTs in rural Scotland should consider this issue if they are to avoid stakeholder objection and contribute to the success of DTs in becoming active vehicles of rural regeneration.