新农保对中国农村家庭收入的促进效应

基于微观调查数据,对新农保制度能否促进农村家庭的收入进行了实证分析。研究表明：参加新农保和参保人数越多都会使得中国农村家庭的纯收入与人均收入显著增加。基于异质性考虑的研究发现,无论是纯收入还是人均收入,收入越低的家庭,参保对家庭收入的促进效应就越大;而且参加新农保缩小了不同收入家庭的收入差距。     

浦东农村集体建设用地流转研究

当前,浦东集体建设用地低效、闲置和浪费现象比较普遍,资产价值尚未真正体现,尤其是乡镇工业用地聚集度低,布局分散,点多规模小,建筑密度和容积率低;工业产出率不高,厂房、场地闲置严重。通过集体建设用地的流转,实施土地二次开发,可以有效利用存量用地,盘活土地资源。要通过确权登记发证,进一步理清产权界限,避免产权主体虚置与权能重叠;建立合理的收益分配机制,确保农民利益;加快相关财政体制衔接．保障流转工作有序推进。     

城乡统筹发展机理及其战略选择

城乡统筹意味着投资于工业和农业的相同资源所得到的收益之间无显著差异.一个关于投资决策的规划模型显示出:城乡协同发展的条件由市场交易价格、工业产品和农业产品的劳动生产率、工业产品和农业产品生产的投资水平、不同产品生产的专业化程度等参数共同进行刻画和描述,并由此揭示出城乡统筹发展的战略选择.     

中国农村公共服务评价体系研究

农村公共服务水平低下和不平衡是导致城乡差距日益扩大的重要影响因素之一。本文试图构建农村公共服务发展状况评价指标体系,并基于2006年的数据进行实证研究,给出了研究结果的进一步分析评价。     

嵌套博弈视角下的农村公共产品治理机制研究

农村公共产品治理不是一个孤立的博弈,而是嵌套在其它博弈之中。农村基层现有的自上而下的决策体系,使参与人的策略受上级政府偏好的约束。这种嵌套形成了实质上的政府单边治理机制,这是导致农村公共产品治理效率不足的主因。农村公共产品的多样化与复杂性,要求不同的主体参与不同类型的公共产品治理。改革农村基层权力结构,建立以农户需求为导向、自下而上的公共产品决策体系,形成有利于多边治理的新的博弈结构。在改变后嵌套博弈中,农户、企业及非盈利组织都有参与农村公共产品治理的积极性,他们与基层政府、上级政府共同建立起分工协调的多边治理机制,从而提高农村公共产品的治理效率。     

Comparing two survey methods for estimating maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Cambodia

PURPOSE: We need solid estimates of maternal mortality rates (MMR) to monitor the impact of maternal care programs. Cambodian health authorities and WHO report the MMR in Cambodia at 450 per 100,000 live births. The figure is drawn from surveys where information is obtained by interviewing respondents about the survival of all their adult sisters (sisterhood method). The estimate is statistically imprecise, 95% confidence intervals ranging from 260 to 620/100,000. The MMR estimate is also uncertain due to under-reporting; where 80-90% of women deliver at home maternal fatalities may go undetected especially where mortality is highest, in remote rural areas. The aim of this study was to attain more reliable MMR estimates by using survey methods other than the sisterhood method prior to an intervention targeting obstetric rural emergencies. PROCEDURES: The study was carried out in rural Northwestern Cambodia where access to health services is poor and poverty, endemic diseases, and land mines are endemic. Two survey methods were applied in two separate sectors: a community-based survey gathering data from public sources and a household survey gathering data direct from primary sources. FINDINGS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two survey results for maternal deaths, both types of survey reported mortality rates around the public figure. The household survey reported a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate as compared to the community-based survey, 8.6% versus 5.0%. Also the household survey gave qualitative data important for a better understanding of the many problems faced by mothers giving birth in the remote villages. There are detection failures in both surveys; the failure rate may be as high as 30-40%. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSION: Both survey methods are inaccurate, therefore inappropriate for evaluation of short-term changes of mortality rates. Surveys based on primary informants yield qualitative information about mothers' hardships important for the design of future maternal care interventions.     

关于当前中国农村养老问题及其研究的思考

作为社会的一员 ,老年人有获得社会扶养的权利。如果这种权利不能实现或不能很好实现 ,便形成养老问题。养老问题的研究只能是以认识老年人获得社会保障权利实现过程中的问题并为之谋求对策为根本目的。从这个角度出发 ,养老问题应涵盖四个方面的内容 :(1)“谁来养”的问题 ;(2 )“养不养”的问题 ;(3)“怎么养”的问题 ;(4 )“养得怎么样”的问题。目前 ,这四个方面的问题在农村都存在。而此前的研究因被置于计划生育和老龄化等背景之下而显得不力及过于偏狭 :有限的研究集中于老龄化条件下农村老年人“谁来养”和“怎么养”的问题。这种状况不利于对农村养老问题的全面认识和解决。故笔者认为 ,今后应 (1)全面研究农村养老问题 ;(2 )重视现实 ,分清层次 ,切实研究急需解决的问题 ;(3)在社会变迁的视野下加强农村经济发展、社区建设、文化培育与养老关系的研究     

人力资本投资与中国农业劳动力的转移

当前中国农业劳动力的转移存在许多问题：转移不足;转移的组织方式低级化;转移巩固率低;转移产业层次低;转移前后的比较收益不高;转移的社会负面效应突出。而人力资本存量少,农民素质低是产生以上问题的关键性因素。为促进农业劳动力的良性转移应采取如下措施：１．继续严格控制农村人口数量,提高人口素质;２．合理调整农村教育结构,积极发展农村职业技术教育;３．以素质教育为目标,拓宽教育途径,改革教学内容;４．提高农村教师素质;５．建立和完善人力资本投资收益机制;６．建立健全农村人力资本投资市场。     

我国农村社会保障制度的演变及评价

通过对我国农村社会保障制度的演变过程分析,探讨了我国农村社会保障在制度建设和发展过程中存在的诸多问题和制约因素,提出了发展我国农村社会保障制度的总体思路和构想.     

Power and perceptions in participatory monitoring and evaluation

This paper examines the assumptions that commonly underpin the design of participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) within development programmes through the examination of a case study of a large rural development programme in Uganda. This case study reveals a mismatch between programme assumptions and participant perceptions, which stymied the implementation of PM&E. In this case, PM&E was based on the assumptions that programme and participant goals were compatible, participants were willing to volunteer and engage themselves for the greater good of their communities, and information sharing and communication was fairly free and open. However, farmers within the programme felt that the bureaucratic and accountability requirements of the programme were not their concern, and were acutely aware of power differences between farmers and programme officials, and between farmers of varying status. The key lesson to be drawn from this case is the need for a heightened awareness of power dynamics and political factors in the design of PM&E.