进位保留阵列乘法器的一种内建自测试

对进位保留阵列乘法器提出了一种内建自测试方案。设计实现了采用累加器生成测试序列和压缩响应,并提出了一种改进的测试向量生成方法。分析与实验结果表明,该方案能实现非冗余固定型故障的完全覆盖。由于乘法器在数据通路中常伴有累加器,该方案通过对已有累加器的复用,作为测试序列生成和响应压缩,减少了硬件占用和系统性能占用,同时具有测试向量少、故障覆盖率高的特点。     

Comments on specification of household expenditure functions and equivalence scales by nonparametric regression

This paper considers Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Likelihood Ratio (LR) tests for determining the cointegrating rank of a vector autoregressive system. n order to deal with outliers and possible fat-tailedness of the error process, non-Gaussian likelihoods are used to carry out the estimation. The limiting distributions of the tests based on these non-Gaussian pseudo-)likelihoods are derived. These distributions depend on nuisance parameters. An operational procedure is proposed to perform inference. It appears that the tests based on non-Gaussian pseudo-likelihoods are much more powerful than their Gaussian counterparts if the errors are fat-tailed. Moreover, the operational LM-type test has a better overall performance than the LR-type test. Copyright O 1998 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.     

A Nonparametric Test for Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity: A Markov-Chain Approach

In this article we propose a nonparametric test for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity based on finite-state Markov chains. A simple Monte Carlo experiment suggests that in finite samples it performs comparably to the Lagrange multiplier test under conditional normality and is superior for the t, lognormal, and exponential distributions. As an illustration, we apply both tests to Canadian/U.S. forward foreign exchange data.     

回流民工创业的乘数效应分析

为了拉动经济发展,我国自1999年以来采取了以积极增加政府主导下投资为主要内容的扩大内需政策。这种公共型投资有其正面的影响,但极易产生“挤出效应”,加之我国经济的市场化程度低和没有配套有效的政策应对,使得投资乘数效应没有得到应有的发挥,且产生了一些非经济效果。而回流民工创业,从投资主体的形成和创业的效果来看,都在很大程度上克服了公共型投资产生的弊端。它符合和满足了乘数作用的机理及其基本约束条件,从而大大提高了投资的乘数效应。     

贷款规模管理的新形式及其影响--1996-2004 年上半年货币扩张的因素分析

1996-2003年我国央行基础货币和准备金率均逐年提高,2004年上半年则下降。中央银行对基础货币的管理与稳定宏观经济的目标不完全一致,对法定准备率的调整实际上也不起作用。由于存在行政关系,通过控制商业银行贷款规模,中央银行也参与超额准备率的决定。国有商业银行具有降低超额准备率的倾向。中央银行对商业银行贷款规模的管理成为制约超额准备率、实际准备率的主导因素。因此,我国货币供给具有外生性。但是,中央银行对贷款规模的管理会对商业银行的经营状况造成不利影响,并推迟国有商业银行市场化改革的进程。     

Smooth Goodness-of-Fit Specification Tests Under the Lagrange Multiplier Principle

This article generalizes Neyman's smooth test for the goodness-of-fit hypothesis using orthogonal polynomials of the density function under the null hypothesis, and derives a Lagrange Multiplier (LM) statistic based on the generalized form of the smooth test. Under the null hypothesis, using the joint limiting normality of the orthogonal functions imbedded into the smooth alternative density function and the restricted parameter estimators, the covariance matrix of the LM statistic can be estimated. The procedure of constructing monic orthogonal polynomials from a given moment function is developed. This procedure is applied to examples of testing for normal, Poisson, and gamma distributions.     

Multivariate Kendall's tau for change‐point detection in copulas

Statistical procedures for the detection of a change in the dependence structure of a series of multivariate observations are studied in this work. The test statistics that are proposed are $L_1$ , $L_2$ , and $L_{\infty }$ distances computed from vectors of differences of Kendall's tau; two multivariate extensions of Kendall's measure of association are used. Since the distributions of these statistics under the null hypothesis of no change depend on the unknown underlying copula of the vectors, a procedure based on the multiplier central limit theorem is used for the computation of p‐values; the method is shown to be valid both asymptotically and for moderate sample sizes. Alternative versions of the tests that take into account possible breakpoints in the marginal distributions are also investigated. Monte Carlo simulations show that the tests are powerful under many scenarios of change‐point. In addition, two estimators of the time of change are proposed and their efficiency is carefully studied. The methodologies are illustrated on simulated series from the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 65–82; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada     

Tests for random time effects and spatial error correlation in panel regression models

We consider a panel model with spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity across time. Various Lagrange multiplier and likelihood ratio test statistics are developed for testing time effects and spatial effects, jointly, marginally or conditionally. Limiting null distributions of the tests are derived. Size and power performances of the proposed tests are compared by a Monte-Carlo experiment.     

Inference on cointegrating ranks using lr and lm tests based on pseudo-likelihoods

This paper considers Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Likelihood Ratio (LR) tests for determining the cointegrating rank of a vector autoregressive system. n order to deal with outliers and possible fat-tailedness of the error process, non-Gaussian likelihoods are used to carry out the estimation. The limiting distributions of the tests based on these non-Gaussian pseudo-)likelihoods are derived. These distributions depend on nuisance parameters. An operational procedure is proposed to perform inference. It appears that the tests based on non-Gaussian pseudo-likelihoods are much more powerful than their Gaussian counterparts if the errors are fat-tailed. Moreover, the operational LM-type test has a better overall performance than the LR-type test. Copyright O 1998 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.     

多拉格朗日乘子情形下影子价格的判别和计算

非线性优化模型中经常出现多重Lagrange乘子现象,导致决策者错误地计算资源的影子价格.本文针对该问题指出最小欧几里得范数的Lagrange乘子是影子价格.同时,还提出了一个无约束优化模型用以求解最小欧几里得范数 Lagrange乘子,该无约束优化模型可以通过经典的非光滑优化算法求解.最后,本文提出一个基于次梯度的算法求解影子价格,该算法是次线性收敛的,且计算时间与约束条件的个数及自变量的个数线性相关.