DF-FPDLMS自适应滤波器的可测性设计与测试

基于加法器的测试生成,提出了直接实现形式的细粒度流水线延迟最小均方自适应滤波器的一种可测性设计的测试方案。在测试模式下,该设计通过滤波器组成模块的分层隔离及由寄存器转化成的扫描链提高了可测性;通过复用部分寄存器和加法器避免或最小化了额外的测试硬件开销。该方法能在真速下高效地侦测到滤波器基本组成单元内的任意固定型组合失效,且不会降低电路的原有性能。     

超宽带LFM信号数字产生系统的误差分析

对线性调频(LFM)信号的三种主要数字产生方法进行分析,提出一种基于波形存储直读法的超宽带线性调频脉冲压缩信号数字产生系统方案。探讨了系统数字基带中的幅度量化位数和采样频率、正交调制器的非理想性、倍频电路中的误差因素和中频LFM信号有时域畸变时对输出信号性能的影响,为超宽带系统工程实现时参数选择、性能评估和性能优化提供重要的理论依据和经验参考。     

基4BOOTH编码的高速32×32乘法器的设计与实现

介绍并实现了一种高速32×32有符号/无符号二进制乘法器。该乘法器采用改进基4BOOTH算法编码方式,所产生的电路与传统相比减小了延时与面积,并采用符号补偿技术对每个部分积进行符号位补偿,进一步简化电路。该乘法器在关键路径上采用改进混合Wallace树压缩器阵列进行优化,其压缩器阵列对称有利于布局布线。该乘法器插入流水后能运行到250MHz,可用作专用数据通道的乘法单元。     

农村居民和谐消费的双重效应及其改进分析

消费作为促进经济增长的三驾马车之一,对宏观经济的拉动作用明显增强,但农村居民消费对经济增长的贡献呈下降趋势,最重要的原因是农村居民在消费过程中没有实现和谐。和谐消费是扩大消费的基础,是理论界研究的热点问题,但对农村居民这一特殊群体和谐消费效应的研究还比较粗略。通过对农村居民和谐消费加以研究,认为要实现农村居民和谐消费,必须注重对生态环境共生性适应维度的培育以及农村居民的消费决策或消费行为与经济、社会文化、环境三个维度实现良性互动,同时应树立新型的和谐消费理念,并对农村居民实现和谐消费的途径加以认真研究,最终使农村居民和谐消费的双重效应得以充分发挥,为农村居民和谐消费的理论研究和实践过程提供新的思路和指导。     

四位乘法器的VHDL语言设计

介绍了使用 VHDL语言设计的 4位乘法器 ,给出了功能仿真波形 ,举例说明了实现电子设计自动化 ( EDA)的过程。     

On the wald,lagrangian multiplier and likelihood ratio tests when the information matrix is singular

Summary Modified formulas for the Wald and Lagrangian multiplier statistics are introduced and considered together with the likelihood ratio statistics for testing a typical null hypothesisH ₀ stated in terms of equality constraints. It is demonstrated, subject to known standard regularity conditions, that each of these statistics and the known Wald statistic has the asymptotic chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the number of equality constraints specified byH ₀ whether the information matrix is singular or nonsingular. The results of this paper include a generalization of the results of Sively (1959) concerning the equivalence of the Wald, Lagrange multiplier and likelihood ratio tests to the case of singular information matrices.     

城市轨道交通产业投资对当年投资乘数的影响研究——以湖南数据为例

不同的当年投资乘数对于经济增长的作用不同,因此,投资乘数的计算可以准确测量投资对经济增长的促进作用。通过计算湖南城市轨道交通产业投资对湖南当年投资乘数的影响,可以预测未来湖南的投资乘数及其经济增长。通过研究可以发现发展轨道交通产业不仅对湖南经济增长率有着现实贡献,而且能够通过投资乘数变化对总供给函数的影响,来延长发掘该产业对湖南经济增长潜在的未来的贡献。     

A Comparison of Procedures for Controlling the False Discovery Rate in the Presence of Small Variance Genes: A Simulation Study

The Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM; Tusher et al., 2001 Tusher , V. G. , Tibshirani , R. , Chu , G. ( 2001 ). Significance analysis of microarrys applied to the ionizing radiation response . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 : 5116 – 5121 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) method is widely used in analyzing gene expression data while controlling the FDR by using resampling-based procedure in the microarray setting. One of the main components of the SAM procedure is the adjustment of the test statistic. The introduction of the fudge factor to the test statistic aims at deflating the large value of test statistics due to the small standard error of gene-expression. Lin et al. (2008 Lin , D. , Shkedy , Z. , Burzykowski , T. , Göhlmann , H. W. H. , De Bondt , A. , Perera , T. , Geerts , T. , Bijnens , L. ( 2008 ). Significance analysis of microarray (SAM) for comparisons of several treatments with one control . Biometric Journal, MCP 50 ( 5 ): 801 – 823 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) pointed out that the fudge factor does not effectively improve the power and the control of the FDR as compared to the SAM procedure without the fudge factor in the presence of small variance genes. Motivated by the simulation results presented in Lin et al. (2008 Lin , D. , Shkedy , Z. , Burzykowski , T. , Göhlmann , H. W. H. , De Bondt , A. , Perera , T. , Geerts , T. , Bijnens , L. ( 2008 ). Significance analysis of microarray (SAM) for comparisons of several treatments with one control . Biometric Journal, MCP 50 ( 5 ): 801 – 823 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), in this article, we extend our study to compare several methods for choosing the fudge factor in the modified t-type test statistics and use simulation studies to investigate the power and the control of the FDR of the considered methods.     

Performance of the shrinkage preliminary test ridge regression estimators based on the conflicting of W,LR and LM tests

The shrinkage preliminary test ridge regression estimators (SPTRRE) based on the Wald (W), the likelihood ratio (LR) and the Lagrangian multiplier (LM) tests are considered in this paper. The bias and the risk functions of the proposed estimators are derived. The regions of optimality of the estimators are determined under the quadratic risk function. Under the null hypothesis, the SPTRRE based on LM test has the smallest risk, followed by the estimators based on LR and W tests. However, the SPTRRE based on W test performs the best followed by the LR and LM based estimators when the parameter moves away from the subspace of the restrictions. The conditions of superiority of the proposed estimator for both ridge and departure parameters are discussed. The optimum choice of the level of significance becomes the traditional choice by using the W test for all non-negative ridge parameters.     

Goodness‐of‐fit testing based on a weighted bootstrap: A fast large‐sample alternative to the parametric bootstrap

The process comparing the empirical cumulative distribution function of the sample with a parametric estimate of the cumulative distribution function is known as the empirical process with estimated parameters and has been extensively employed in the literature for goodness‐of‐fit testing. The simplest way to carry out such goodness‐of‐fit tests, especially in a multivariate setting, is to use a parametric bootstrap. Although very easy to implement, the parametric bootstrap can become very computationally expensive as the sample size, the number of parameters, or the dimension of the data increase. An alternative resampling technique based on a fast weighted bootstrap is proposed in this paper, and is studied both theoretically and empirically. The outcome of this work is a generic and computationally efficient multiplier goodness‐of‐fit procedure that can be used as a large‐sample alternative to the parametric bootstrap. In order to approximately determine how large the sample size needs to be for the parametric and weighted bootstraps to have roughly equivalent powers, extensive Monte Carlo experiments are carried out in dimension one, two and three, and for models containing up to nine parameters. The computational gains resulting from the use of the proposed multiplier goodness‐of‐fit procedure are illustrated on trivariate financial data. A by‐product of this work is a fast large‐sample goodness‐of‐fit procedure for the bivariate and trivariate t distribution whose degrees of freedom are fixed. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 480–500; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada