对安徽省部分高校篮球选修课情况的调查与分析

体育课在对学生进行素质教育中应起到重要作用,而传统的体育课则越来越显得单调、无味和枯燥。如何激发学生对体育活动的兴趣是教育改革的重要课题。文章就篮球选修课在部分高校的开展过程进行调查,以求发现不足,进而为今后的体育教学改革提供参考。     

Income in jeopardy: How losing employment affects the willingness to take risks

Identifying the determinants of risk-taking is crucial for our understanding of a variety of choices. Using German panel data, we find that people become more risk-averse when losing work. The immediate income loss does not mediate this effect. It seems also unrelated to the loss of non-monetary benefits of work and to changes of worker’s emotional state. However, we find that risk aversion responds the more strongly to losing work the more future income is at stake, and that the effect manifests itself already on the eve of job loss when people do not yet suffer from the consequences of the event. We conclude that lower future income expectations and more uncertainty about future incomes may explain the effect of job loss on risk attitude. Our results might imply that a recession may reinforce itself as it induces people to fear job loss, which raises their risk aversion and might therefore reduce the willingness to invest in risky projects. Moreover, self-assessed risk attitude seems to measure absolute risk aversion and thus not only an underlying risk preference parameter.     

White lies: Amelia E. Johnson's Sunday School fiction and the politics of racelessness

Abstract

This article reevaluates the cultural significance and literary complexity of the Sunday School novels published by Amelia E. Johnson during the 'Black Woman's Era'. The critical recovery of this lesser-known African American woman writer and editor focuses on her cultural activism and on the fictional strategies she deployed to challenge the limitations imposed by a white-dominated audience and publishing industry, as well as by the religious orthodoxy promoted by her denominational publishers. Problematizing the critical discourse that opposes her confrontational non-fiction writing to her racially indeterminate fiction, the article foregrounds Johnson's critique of gender, class and racial inequalities, her experimentation with narrative conventions, and her growing sense of disillusionment in the face of unrelenting discrimination, showing how Johnson's writing career illuminates the broader trends of African American women's literature at the turn into the 20th century.     

ARMA MODELS REALIZATION AND IMPULSE RESPONSES

A parallel is made between the role played by covariances in the determination of auto-regressive models and the role played by impulse responses in the determination of ARMA models.

Auto-regressive models are known to maximize the Burg-entropy under covariance constraints. Auto-regressive-moving-average models give the maximum of the Burg-entropy among processes sharing the same covariances and impulse responses up to a certain lag. Such models are constructed by iterative or algebraic methods under the different constraints.

A new recursive method of identification of the order of an ARMA model is also developed, based on the generalized reflection coefficients.     

The democratic deficit of transnational environmental activism: a case study of e‐waste governance in India

The literature on transnational activism often associates environmental NGOs with democratic legitimacy, grassroots representation and environmental justice. Authors employ case studies to demonstrate how engaging in transnational networks increases the political agency of environmental NGOs. Yet, there is a tendency mostly to select successful cases. In this article, I investigate the political activities of the environmental NGO, Toxics Link, surrounding the recycling of electronic waste in India. Based on qualitative research, this study shows how the political incorporation of Toxics Link in transnational advocacy networks and domestic governance networks constrains their political agency. The structural exclusion of e‐waste labourers from Indian policy negotiations negates the discursive claims of legitimacy, representation and justice. These incorporation processes create a democratic deficit. I use the insights gained from this case study to provide a critical assessment of theories of transnational environmental activism.     

General analysis of systems in which a 2-unit system is a sub-system

In this paper we consider a system which has three subsystems A, B and C. A and B are one unit systems and two unit systems respectively, and C is exposed to a damage process. The units of B have exponential life times. In model 1, A has a general life time and the damage process of C is Poisson and in model 2, A has an exponential life time and C is exposed to a renewal damage process. Introducing a repair facility which repairs all the failures one by one, this paper presents the joint Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the ur> and down times. Marginal down time distributions an- calculated whon there exists a repair facility vor every damage.     

On the Uncertainty Relation for Positive Definite Probability Densities

To each positive definite probability density there exists an adjoint density which is proportional to the characteristic function of p. The products have a greatest lower bound Λ, and it is known that 0.5276… < Λ ≤ 0.8609… We present a positive definite density with λ(p) = 6/7 and thereby improve the upper estimate. For densities representable as normal scale mixtures, we show that λ(p) ≥ 1 with equality if and only if p is a normal probability density.     

Swallowed futures,indigestible pasts Post-apocalyptic narratives of rights in Kleist and Doctorow

Abstract

Previous analyses of the intertextual relations between Heinrich von Kleist's 'Michael Kohlhaas' (1810–11) and E.L. Doctorow's Ragtime (1976[1975]) have focused on adaptation, assessing the changes made to the original. By contrast, this article focuses on what motivates the choice of Kleist's novella as an intertext in the first place and argues for a different, narrative logic binding the two. Both texts fixate with great ambivalence on the potential for transcending pervasive difference in the general and common, and they are both post-apocalyptic responses, alternately tragic and ironic visions of transcended difference. Together, the two tell a story of the discursive formation and deformation of the idea of universal human rights – a story that suspends the discourse of human rights between two traumatic moments of articulation and violence (in the late 18th century and the mid-20th century, respectively) that animate, yet remain inaccessible to each text.     

The generalized Cucconi test statistic for the two-sample problem

When testing hypotheses in two-sample problem, the Lepage test statistic is often used to jointly test the location and scale parameters, and this test statistic has been discussed by many authors over the years. Since two-sample nonparametric testing plays an important role in biometry, the Cucconi test statistic is generalized to the location, scale, and location–scale parameters in two-sample problem. The limiting distribution of the suggested test statistic is derived under the hypotheses. Deriving the exact critical value of the test statistic is difficult when the sample sizes are increased. A gamma approximation is used to evaluate the upper tail probability for the proposed test statistic given finite sample sizes. The asymptotic efficiencies of the proposed test statistic are determined for various distributions. The consistency of the original Cucconi test statistic is shown on the specific cases. Finally, the original Cucconi statistic is discussed in the theory of ties.     

Distribution of the length of the longest common subsequence of two multi-state biological sequences

The length of the longest common subsequence (LCS) among two biological sequences has been used as a measure of similarity, and the application of this statistic is of importance in genomic studies. Even for the simple case of two sequences of equal length and composed of binary elements with equal state probabilities, the exact distribution of the length of the LCS remains an open question. This problem is also known as an NP-hard problem in computer science. Apart from combinatorial analysis, using the finite Markov chain imbedding technique, we derive the exact distribution for the length of the LCS between two multi-state sequences of different lengths. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.