混凝土梁正截面承载力-C值计算法

本文通过极值分析 ,找出了混凝土受弯构件正截面设计参数 C,用 C值法设计 ,不仅能容易的完成某些特定条件下的设计 ,还实现了矩形与 T形截面设计格式的统一 ,从而使受弯构件正截面设计思路和方法变得便捷     

EVIDENCE FOR RELATIONAL CONTRACTS IN SOVEREIGN BANK LENDING

This paper presents direct evidence for relational contracts in sovereign bank lending. Unlike the existing empirical literature, its instrumental variables method allows for distinguishing a direct influence of past repayment problems on current spreads (a “punishment” effect in prices) from an indirect effect through higher expected future default probabilities (“loss of reputation”). Such a punishment provides positive surplus to lenders after a default and decreases the borrower's present discounted value of the net benefits of future borrowing, which create dynamic incentives. Using data on bank loans to developing countries for 1973–1981 and constructing continuous variables for credit history, we find evidence that most of the influence of past repayment problems is through the direct, punishment channel.     

Analysis of Job Satisfaction: The Case of Japanese Private Companies

The scope of economic theory expands if we consider that working provides people with both pecuniary compensation for its disutility and job satisfaction. This study empirically analyzes the job satisfaction of employees in Japanese private companies using a multivariate ordered probit model. In particular, we examine the effects of a big economic shock, such as the Lehman shock, on job satisfaction, as well as the effects of differences in gender and employment status. We estimate the model using a Bayesian analysis and a multivariate ordered probit model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We show that non‐pecuniary aspects of jobs play an important role in job satisfaction.     

淘宝网交易会计核算探究

中国网络交易市场已经进入飞速成长期,淘宝网作为中国C2C交易的龙头品牌,已经占据了中国网络市场的半壁江山,极具代表性和特殊性。针对交易中所存在的会计核算问题进行探究,具有重要的现实意义。本文从销售者的角度,总结实践中出现的网络交易会计核算问题,并尝试做出解答。     

经济学视角下的信用证审单标准

长期以来,人们一直从纯法律的角度审视信用证审单标准问题,其效果并不理想。从法律经济学的视角来考察信用证审单标准问题,以福利最大化与成本最低化为分析原则,通过效益分析的手段,对镜像标准、实质相符标准、双重标准（又称中间标准）、严格相符标准进行逐项解析,最终得出严格相符标准最符合福利最大化与成本最低化的结论,以期加深人们对信用证法律特性的理解。     

REFERENCE POINTS,SOCIAL NORMS,AND FAIRNESS IN CONTRACT RENEGOTIATIONS

How does an ex‐ante contract affect behavior in an ex‐post renegotiation game? We address this question in a canonical buyer–seller relationship with renegotiation. Our paper provides causal experimental evidence that an initial contract has a highly significant and economically important impact on renegotiation behavior that goes beyond the effect of contracts on bargaining threat points. We compare situations in which an initial contract is renegotiated to strategically equivalent bargaining situations in which no ex‐ante contract was written. The ex‐ante contract causes sellers to ask for markups that are 45% lower than in strategically equivalent bargaining situations without an initial contract. Moreover, buyers are more likely to reject given markups in renegotiations than in negotiations. These effects do not depend on whether the contract was written under competitive or monopolistic conditions. Our results provide strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that contracts serve as reference points that shape and coordinate the expectations of the contracting parties.     

基于单片机控制的电子密码锁

随着人们生活水平的提高,如何实现家庭防盗这一问题也变得尤为突出,传统的机械锁,由于其构造的简单,安全性能低,无法满足人们的需要.随着电子产品的不断发展,单片机已成为电子产品研制和开发中首选的控制器.为了更好地推广单片机在家电领域中的应用,介绍了一种应用AT 89C2051单片机设计的电子密码锁.经实验验证该密码锁具有安全、实用、成本低等特点,符合住宅用锁的要求,可作为产品进行开发.     

中国再婚市场研究述评

已有对再婚市场的研究为数甚少,集中于再婚市场人口再婚可能性的差异分析、再婚市场与初婚市场择偶条件比较、再婚市场规模的变迁及其成因。这些研究从不同角度不同程度,描述再婚市场的现状与规律,但仍存在一些问题,比如某些结论上的不一致、研究类型的偏向以及研究方法的相对单一。未来的关于再婚市场的研究无论是从研究视角、研究内容、研究方法和研究类型上,都会呈现出越来越丰富的态势。     

Does export concentration matter in economic adjustment programs? Evidence from the euro-area

The recent crisis in some euro area countries is intensively fueling the political and economic policy debate about the effectiveness of the applied adjustment programs. This paper aims to contribute to explaining why the results of these programs could be different across countries, flagging the crucial role of exports. In view of recent economic literature about substitution between domestic and foreign sales, helping exports when domestic demand is adjusting, this paper uses panel data techniques to assess the role of the export structure in explaining this substitution effect in the euro area countries. Building a novel indicator for product concentration, the results suggest that domestic demand developments are more relevant to explaining exports in countries with a lower product concentration index (that is, more diversified exports). This contributes to explain why euro area countries under stress registered different economic performance, in particular the clearly less favorable behavior of Greece, where exports structure is concentrated more strongly in some goods and services than in other euro area countries. With different export behavior the final evaluation of the Greek adjustment would be certainly different. These results suggest that export structure should be taken into consideration when designing or evaluating this type of adjustment programs.     

An alternative assessment of global climate policies

This paper analyzes alternative pricing schemes for funding investment in climate policies. This paper proposes a new policy scenario, explicitly disentangling the issue of burden sharing of financing new investments from the issue of taxation energy consumption and therefor emissions. We compare traditional allocation schemes with an optimal Ramsey pricing by applying demand elasticity values, derived from empirical estimations of household behavior for the 106 leading countries in the world, representing around 90% of total world energy consumption and carbon emissions in 2014. We calculate country-specific alternative taxation options: uniform, equitable and Ramsey pricing schemes, applied to households, assessing the related welfare effects. Our results show that the optimal pricing scheme, for a given investment need, can improve world welfare at the expenses of equitable considerations. In addition, the aggregate societal benefit outweighs the losses associated with specific group of countries, paving the way for easier political agreement, using compensation schemes to redistribute the proceeds.