An integral formula for the distribution of self-normalized Gaussian random samples

Given i.i.d. Gaussian random variables and after standardizing the sample by subtracting the sample mean and dividing it by the sample deviation, we obtain an integral formula for the distribution of these self-normalized variables. Using geometrical arguments, we obtain the distribution of each and the joint distribution of two of them. These formulas can be used to calculate the expected value of the particular type of Cramér von Mises statistic to test normality.     

The beta skew-generalized normal distribution

In this article, we develop the skew-generalized normal distribution introduced by Arellano-Valle et al. (2004 Arellano-Valle, R.B., Gomez, H.W., Quintana, F.A. (2004). A new class of skew-normal distribution. Commun. Stat. - Theory Methods. 33(7):1465–1480.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to a new family of the Beta skew-generalized normal (BSGN) distribution . Here, we present some theorems and properties of BSGN distribution and obtain its moment-generating function.     

Bayesian expectile regression with asymmetric normal distribution

In this paper, we adopt the Bayesian approach to expectile regression employing a likelihood function that is based on an asymmetric normal distribution. We demonstrate that improper uniform priors for the unknown model parameters yield a proper joint posterior. Three simulated data sets were generated to evaluate the proposed method which show that Bayesian expectile regression performs well and has different characteristics comparing with Bayesian quantile regression. We also apply this approach into two real data analysis.     

The Bayes rule of the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model under Stein's loss

For the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model, we analytically calculate the Bayes rule (estimator) with respect to a prior distribution IG (alpha, beta) under Stein's loss function. This estimator minimizes the posterior expected Stein's loss (PESL). We also analytically calculate the Bayes rule and the PESL under the squared error loss. Finally, the numerical simulations exemplify that the PESLs depend only on alpha and the number of observations. The Bayes rules and PESLs under Stein's loss are unanimously smaller than those under the squared error loss.     

Pairwise comparisons of treatments with ordinal responses in a two-way setting

In clinical studies, pairwise comparisons are frequently performed to examine differences in efficacy between treatments. The statistical methods of pairwise comparisons are available when treatment responses are measured on an ordinal scale. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test and the latent normal model are popular examples. However, these procedures cannot be used to compare treatments in parallel groups (a two-way design) when overall type I error must be controlled. In this paper, we explore statistical approaches to the pairwise testing of treatments that satisfy the requirements of a two-way layout. The results of our simulation indicate that the latent normal approach is superior to the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. Clinical examples are used to illustrate our suggested testing methods.     

Bivariate,multivariate, and matrix variate normal characterizations: A brief survey II

The paper entitled “Bivariate and Multivariate Normal Characterizations: A Brief Survey,” by Hamedani, which was published in 1992, covered the published characterizations of bivariate and multivariate normal (MVN) distributions from 1941 to 1991. The present work is a follow-up to the 1991/1992 survey which includes not only characterizations of the bivariate and MVN distributions, but also characterizations of the matrix variate normal distribution, which have appeared from 1991/1992 to the present.     

区域公共治理中政治协调的功能论析

我国区域内的公共治理的一体化对于政治协调提出了新的功能要求。政治协调在区域公共治理中的功能体现在政治、经济、社会、文化四个层面。其中政治协调功能实现的路径主要在于:均衡区域政治资源配置布局,创设区域公共治理政策集群,推进区域社会管理创新。     

增加农民收入:经济与社会发展的稳定器

增加农民收入是关系到经济与社会发展的一个全局性的问题。本文着重分析了农民收入与经济社会发展的相互关系及影响农民收入增长的主要因素 ,提出了让农民变市民、免除农业税、调整农业产业结构、提高农民创收能力、增加农业投入及对农业实行必要的扶持和保护措施等办法来促进农民收入的增长     

我国公共政策执行手段的选择、确定问题及改进

在政策执行过程中,有效的政策执行手段对政策目标的顺利实现意义重大。通常使用的政策执行手段有五种,政策执行手段具有某些作用特性。选择、确定合适的政策手段,必须遵循一定的标准和原则。我国公共政策执行手段选择、确定方面存在着一些问题,需要加以改进。