The way bullying works: How new ties facilitate the mutual reinforcement of status and bullying in elementary schools

This study addresses the puzzle how high-status bullies in elementary school are able to maintain high status among their classmates despite bullying (some of) them. The dynamic interplay between bullying and status was studied, focusing on how relational bullying affects the creation, dissolution, and maintenance of status attributions, and vice versa. Longitudinal round-robin peer nomination data were obtained from 82 school classes in 15 Dutch elementary schools (2055 students; 50% boys) followed over three yearly measurements, starting out in grades 2–5 when students were aged 8-11. An age-dependent effect of bullying on the creation of new status attributions was found. Whereas the youngest group punished bullying by a refusal to attribute status to the bully, this turned into a reward of bullying in the oldest groups. Unexpectedly, high-status bullies seemed to avoid continual bullying of the same victims, pointing to explanations of why their status can persist.     

网络化会计档案的维护

在引进网络化会计信息系统以前,我国企业主要采用传统的手工方式记账,与通过计算机进行核算的网络化会计相比,最大的劣势就是在会计核算工作上的复杂性。虽然网络化会计大大提高了会计工作的效率,但是,也正是由于网络化会计是基于计算机技术,才导致了在会计信息的维护管理方面出现了新的问题。     

历史的真实胜于诡辩和抵赖——与否定南京大屠杀的日本右翼人士斗争的历史回顾

否定南京大屠杀,否定日本侵华史,是从战时日本当局,到战后的日本右翼学者与政客,一以贯之的政治宣传和喧嚣,背后隐藏着他们险恶的政治用心和蛊惑人心、颠倒是非的目的。中国人民与世界上主持正义的人士为了维护历史的真实与人类的正义,与他们进行了长期的斗争。世界正义的潮流浩浩荡荡,不可阻挡。在中国人民与世界人民,包括日本有识之士的共同努力下,日本一些右翼学者与政客推翻战后"远东国际军事法庭"对南京大屠杀案和日本战犯的判决的言论与企图,都是注定要失败的。而中日人民世代友好与世界和平之船必将乘风破浪,勇往直前!     

Condition-based maintenance policy for linear consecutive-k-out-of-n: F system

In the article, a condition-based maintenance policy is proposed for a linear consecutive-k-out-of-n: F system. The failure times of components are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. It is assumed that the component states in the system can be known at any time and the system failure can be detected immediately. The preventive maintenance action is based on the number of working components in minimal cut sets of the system. If there is at least one minimal cut set consisting of only one working component, the system is maintained preventively after a certain time interval. The proposed policy is compared with corrective maintenance and age-based maintenance policies. As an extended case, it is assumed that the component states can only be known by inspection, but the system failure can be detected immediately. In this case, the system is inspected periodically and is also maintained preventively based on the system state at inspection. Numerical examples are studied to evaluate the performance of the proposed policy and investigate the effects of cost parameters on the expected cost rate.     

找回“面子” :下岗失业工人的自尊维持

当一个社会群体面临社会地位的骤然跌落时，其群体成员的自尊是否会随之受到影响，怎样做可以保持对自我的积极评价？文章通过阐述国有企业下岗失业工人——以前的“类中产阶级”，现在的底层群体所使用的自尊维持策略，试图对这一问题做出解答。文章的经验资料来源于与14名下岗失业工人的深度访谈以及40名下岗工人的二手访谈资料。在此基础上，文章从3个层面揭示了工人们为维护自尊所使用的各种策略，包括群际层面上的社会比较和社会记忆，群体内层面的群内比较和个体记忆。以及人际层面上的信息控制、疏离、述说和职业修辞。文章认为，在下岗失业后的不同阶段，工人会侧重应用不同的策略来应对自尊面临威胁的状况；身处不同境遇的下岗失业工人对策略的使用也会存在着差别。文章最后提出了影响这些策略有效性的一些因素，包括家庭支持与性别差异。     

高校声誉的培育与维护

良好的声誉是高校所拥有的独特资源,它能在各个方面增强高校的竞争力.文章从明确学校定位,提高毕业生质量,重视校风建设,实施名师强校战略和转变管理观念等方面,阐述了培育高校声誉的途径,提出了高校声誉维护的两个原则,即快速反应和高效沟通.     

古都江堰岁修中的生态环境保护意识

都江堰自创建以来,一直坚持着岁修制度。历代治水专家指导岁修,体现出明显的生态环境保护意识。这种意识主要表现在:“深淘滩、低作堰”,使生态环境产生良性循环;筑堰原料就地取材,有利于自然资源的保护;以及采取植树种荆保护堤岸、制订法规保护河道等方面。都江堰岁修注意生态环境保护,使两千多年来都江堰基本保持着原生态环境,这是它能够持续发挥效益的重要原因。     

常压热水锅炉的防腐及停炉保养

为了减少事故发生，节约能源，保障正常的采暖供热，通过分析，论述探讨了北方地区冬季常用的常压热水采暖锅炉防腐和停炉期保养的主要方法。     

Ranked set sampling theory with selective probability vector

In this paper an estimator of the population mean is introduced by using the idea of selective probability vector and the optimization algorithm of linear programming to find the optimal solution of the selective probability vector under the condition of unbiasedness.     

国有资本保值增值会计计量模式研究

随着市场化改革的不断深入,国有资本保值增值问题日益受到人们的关注.但多侧重于研究国有资本如何实现保值增值,而对会计上如何计量,如何提供国有资本保值增值信息,提供的信息是否存在问题,怎样克服这些问题等,则论述甚少.笔者试从会计学的角度,分析我国现行会计制度下国有资本保值增值会计计量模式存在的局限性,并对我国国有资本保值增值会计计量目标模式进行设计.