基于QFD矩阵的竞争战略决策框架

借助于全面质量管理理论中的QFD矩阵,本文提出了一种顾客导向的竞争战略决策框架,它有效地将内部竞争能力与外部竞争要素放在一起进行分析与决策。文中还进一步探讨了其中的竞争要素的特征以及竞争冲击曲线理论,为有效地作出竞争战略决策提供了基础。     

An exploratory study of the influence of the IS function and organizational context on business process reengineering project initiatives

To help evaluate the risk of process reengineering failure and enhance the prospect of its success, three potential sources of influence on BPR initiatives and success are examined in this study. These include the innovative capacity of the organization, IS maturity and strategy-IS interface. It was found that while factors related to IT maturity and influence such as experience in mainframe and client/server computing may facilitate the decision to reengineer, they are not critical in the later stages of the initiative. On the other hand, factors having significant relationships beyond the initial decision include variables pertaining to innovative capacity of the organization and strategy-IS interface. These findings suggest that technical IT competence as a critical enabler is necessary but not sufficient for reengineering success. Based on study findings regarding the innovative capacity of the organization, guidelines for reengineering risk assessment are proposed. In addition, implications of the findings, limitations of the study and opportunities for further research are also discussed.     

北京市行政-立法关系研究——基于北京市人大立法过程的视角

基于北京市人大常委会门户网站,通过收集第十三、十四届北京市人大在立法过程各个阶段的实证数据,分析了北京市人大和政府在立法过程中各自所发挥的作用,从而探究北京市行政-立法关系.研究发现,北京市人大在现实运行中尚未实现其主导功能,具体表现为:"官员"代表和兼职代表比例高、"行政部门化"趋向、程序性手段效用缺失、立法解释权虚置.但是,与此同时实证数据也显示北京市近两届人大正通过调整代表结构、提前介入、强化实质性审议等手段提升立法自主性,推动人大制度与时俱进.     

农民互联网应用采纳决策及应用强度影响因素研究——基于北京郊区712名农民的调查数据

信息化基础设施的快速推进并没有缩小城乡互联网应用差距,研究影响农民互联网应用采纳的因素,对于制定有效的农村“互联网+”推进策略具有重要意义。以北京郊区712名农民的调查数据为依据,采用Logit模型和泊松模型,对农民使用互联网应用的需求意愿和采纳强度的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,受教育程度、转移就业状况、对互联网应用的认知感受对农民采纳决策和采纳强度有显著正向作用;非农就业收入和经营收入对采纳强度影响显著,但对采纳决策没有显著影响;以往的信息化推广措施对农民采纳决策和采纳强度作用有限。为此,应针对农民需求开发实用、易用的互联网应用,加强使用技能培训,让农民从“互联网＋农业”中获益。     

地区官员腐败与企业代理成本——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

与已有围绕腐败对经济增长、财富分配、社会稳定等宏观效应的研究不同,文章将宏观制度环境与微观企业决策有机结合起来,重点考察官员腐败对企业代理成本的影响效应和传导机理.基于中国A股上市公司2000-2012年面板数据的实证研究表明,官员腐败显著提升了企业代理成本.具体表现为,随着企业所在地区官员腐败程度的上升,企业费用率显著增加,资产利用率则显著降低.研究还发现,相对于国有企业,官员腐败对非国有企业代理成本的影响效应更明显;同时,市场化改革也有利于缓解官员腐败对企业代理成本的影响强度.     

从有机、有序到和谐与文明——怀特海与马克思的机体思想之比较

作为建设性后现代主义奠基人的怀特海与现代思想家马克思他们热切关注现代科学技术的进展,同时也看到受近代力学影响所形成的机械论自然观和宇宙观的局限,都批判二元论思维方式和传统实体论形而上学,在建构各自的新哲学观基础上,依循历史的逻辑阐发了有机体思想,不仅关涉到自然、社会、宇宙的有机性、秩序性,机体运行的基础、动力和机制,而且回答了如何走向未来的和谐与文明,并主要体现在以下几个方面：一是机体思想的基本表达：整体论框架内的有机宇宙观与社会机体论;二是机体思想的方法论诉求：内在关系中的过程辩证法与历史辩证法;三是机体思想的动力机制：目的论下的有机宇宙的秩序与社会规律;四是机体思想的存在论根基： “解构”、“终结”形而上学后的过程实在论与实践过程论;五是机体思想的价值取向：发展论旨趣上的宇宙文明与人类文明。关于这些问题的探究二者既有共通性,又有明显的殊异,对此加以比较研究有助于推进当下的生态文明建设。     

社会在何种意义上以时间为尺度？———从乔治·米德社会心理学出发的一个考察

首先,生物进化学说,作为一场试图解释事物的形式如何产生的运动,给出了一种着眼于流动和动作的科学的方法。它说明事物是进化出来被我们所接近的,而社会是复杂的生物学实存物。就此而言,时间的尺度属于行动的、客观的领域。与此同时,心灵的特征是人类动物的反思的智能,它在观念上描绘决定我们现在行为的未来将是什么,因此时间尺度的运作在于行为之中而非思想之中。接下来,时间尺度的运作使社会成为一个其特征为改造的过程,而社会的改造和自我或个性的改造是人类社会进化的过程的两个方面。这个过程指向一个在其中所有人类个体都具有完善社会智能的人类社会。最后,社会在时间尺度上被考虑为现在。我们总是生活在一个现在,现在是由一些过程所组成的一段时流。现在的社会本性产生于它的突现,米德这里指的是突现所涉及的重新调适的过程。     

Modelling process robustness: a case study of centrifugal casting

A robust process minimises the effect of the noise factors on the performance of a product or process. The variation of the performance of a robust process can be measured through modelling and analysis of process robustness. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for modelling and analysis of process robustness is developed considering a number of relevant tools and techniques such as multivariate regression, control charting and simulation within the broad framework of Taguchi method. The methodology as developed considers, in specific terms, process modelling using historical data pertaining to responses, inputs variables and parameters as well as simulated noise variables data, identification of the model responses at each experimental setting of the controllable variables, estimation of multivariate process capability indices and control of their variability using control charting for determining optimal settings of the process variables using design of experiment-based Taguchi Method. The methodology is applied to a centrifugal casting process that produces worm-wheels for steam power plants in view of its critical importance of maintaining consistent performance in various under controllable situations (input conditions). The results show that the process settings as determined ensure minimum in-control variability with maximum performance of the centrifugal casting process, indicating improved level of robustness.     

Modelling activity times by hybrid synthetic method

Uncertain (manual) activity times impact a number of manufacturing system modules: plant and layout design, capacity analysis, operator assignment, process planning, scheduling and simulation. Direct observation cannot be used for non-existent production lines. A hybrid direct observation/synthetic method derived from Method Time Measurement available in industry is proposed. To determine accurate activity times required by heuristics and metaheuristics optimisation, manufacturing system modules are modelled by MILP and operator efficiency parameters are used for time standardisation. Among human factors considered are skill and ergonomics. Application to the sterilisation of reusable medical devices is extensively described. Experimental data taken from observation on the field and a worst-case date have shown the model direct applicability for professionals also to non-manufacturing cases.     

A classification approach based on the outranking model for multiple criteria ABC analysis

The multiple criteria ABC analysis is widely used in inventory management, and it can help organizations to assign inventory items into different classes with respect to several evaluation criteria. Many approaches have been proposed in the literature for addressing such a problem. However, most of these approaches are fully compensatory in multiple criteria aggregation. This means that an item scoring badly on one or more key criteria could be placed in good classes because these bad performances could be compensated by other criteria. Thus, it is necessary to consider the non-compensation in the multiple criteria ABC analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the ABC classification problem with non-compensation among criteria has not been studied sufficiently. We thus propose a new classification approach based on the outranking model to cope with such a problem in this paper. However, the relational nature of the outranking model makes the search for the optimal classification solution a complex combinatorial optimization problem. It is very time-consuming to solve such a problem using mathematical programming techniques when the inventory size is large. Therefore, we combine the clustering analysis and the simulated annealing algorithm to search for the optimal classification. The clustering analysis groups similar inventory items together and builds up the hierarchy of clusters of items. The simulated annealing algorithm searches for the optimal classification on different levels of the hierarchy. The proposed approach is illustrated by a practical example from a Chinese manufacturer. Furthermore, we validate the performance of the approach through experimental investigation on a large set of artificially generated data at the end of the paper.