Book Reviews

This article examines some difficulties associated with the Haynes–Stone model and attempts to clarify how the model can be justified as representing the hypothesis that “quantity is demand determined and price is supply determined.” It also argues that the applications of such a model as was done by Haynes and Stone might not have resolved the controversies related to the Phillips curve and the supply function of exports (or imports).     

从声律句式论古代词体特征*

词的同韵及平仄要求比格律诗更复杂多变，甚至也更严格，这些方面都体现了词与音乐的关系。在一般情况下，词的平仄、声韵与情感内容的表达密切相关；而词被称为“长短句”，其句式长短不一，参差多变，也与情感内容的表达密切相关，并体现出词体本身固有的风格特征。这些方面的特点都应该得到重视。     

贵州赫章可乐汉代土著墓葬试析

本文主要讨论了土著墓的时代和随葬品的文化内涵。我们认为原报告对可乐土著墓葬时代的判断不够准确,通过统计和比较分析得出其时代应在汉武帝开拓西南夷前后至西汉晚期,少数墓可晚至东汉初期。在此基础上,深入分析了不同类型的随葬品因素构成所反映的这时期土著文化与滇文化、巴蜀文化和汉文化之间不同内容和性质的文化关系,并进一步探讨了当地多元文化格局的内涵、特点、变迁及其原因。     

论代理契约中决策方案的设计与选择

本文论述了以博奕关系简化复杂的代理关系,用必然等值评估代理人的优先选择曲线,根据代理人优先选择曲线的类型,分析代理人的风险态度,据以设计相应的激励方案的方法与过程.     

谈数词在英语习语中的运用

在认真分析大量英语数词习语实例的基础上，指出数词在英语习语中主要有单用、连用、重复、对举、变倍使用等多种形式，并对各种形式逐一作了阐述说明。在此基础上进一步探讨了数调在英语习语中所具有的表示多少、相等、替代、实指数量等语义功能，同时指出，除反映客观事物的数量之外，数词还可以用作修辞手段，增强语言的艺术表现力，并着重分析了利用数词表示夸张、比喻、对比、委婉、借代等几种修辞功能。     

中国个人所得税制度的思考

针对中国个人所得税在税制模式的选择、税率的设计以及征收管理等方面都存在的缺陷,分析了现行个人所得税制存在的主要问题,提出了改变税制模式、重新设计税率、调整减免税项目以及完善个人所得税的征管制度等改革设想,为中国个人所得税改革提供思路。     

基于环境学习曲线的山东省SO2排放及节能减排潜力分析

基于1981—2006年的数据对山东省SO2排放的规律进行研究，得到山东省SO2排放的环境学习曲线。应用这一曲线，定量分析山东省17个地级市减少SO2排放的潜力，并结合2006年各市的万元GDP能耗情况，对它们的节能减排潜力进行综合评价。     

儿童拼图性识字的记忆研究

以艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线为基本框架,通过拼图性学习和常规性学习两种不同学习生字方法的实验比较,对儿童识字的一般性规律进行研究。得到结论:拼图性识字在记忆的保持上优于常规性识字;拼图性识字在学习有笔画难度的字上优于常规性识字;拼图性识字同样符合艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线规律。拼图性识字教学符合儿童以动作思维为主的认识特点,符合儿童心理的年龄特征,能提高对字形记忆的效果,让儿童可以有效、有趣、自主进行早期识字学习。     

Biased Bootstrap Methods for Reducing the Effects of Contamination

Contamination of a sampled distribution, for example by a heavy-tailed distribution, can degrade the performance of a statistical estimator. We suggest a general approach to alleviating this problem, using a version of the weighted bootstrap. The idea is to 'tilt' away from the contaminated distribution by a given (but arbitrary) amount, in a direction that minimizes a measure of the new distribution's dispersion. This theoretical proposal has a simple empirical version, which results in each data value being assigned a weight according to an assessment of its influence on dispersion. Importantly, distance can be measured directly in terms of the likely level of contamination, without reference to an empirical measure of scale. This makes the procedure particularly attractive for use in multivariate problems. It has several forms, depending on the definitions taken for dispersion and for distance between distributions. Examples of dispersion measures include variance and generalizations based on high order moments. Practicable measures of the distance between distributions may be based on power divergence, which includes Hellinger and Kullback–Leibler distances. The resulting location estimator has a smooth, redescending influence curve and appears to avoid computational difficulties that are typically associated with redescending estimators. Its breakdown point can be located at any desired value ε∈ (0, ½) simply by 'trimming' to a known distance (depending only on ε and the choice of distance measure) from the empirical distribution. The estimator has an affine equivariant multivariate form. Further, the general method is applicable to a range of statistical problems, including regression.     

信息控制与篇章构建

建构篇章以传递信息为目的。篇章是个控制论系统 ,信息编码者在操作时必须考虑解码者对所传递信息前提的认知能力以及对信息本身的解读能力 ,从而对编码方式做出调整。在宏观结构上 ,篇章的信息分布应表现出有序性并形成信息链 ;在信息编码处理上 ,利用删除规则、概括规则、组织规则、名词化等手段能增强信道的输送能力。以信息控制论参与语篇建构应遵循经济、适量、保真等原则 ,以达成信息传递的佳效。