The assessment of tumour response to treatment

Summary.  A parsimonious model for treated tumours is developed as a continuation of our previous work on regrowth curve theory. The statistical model belongs to the family of marginal non-linear models since the only linear parameters of the model are tumour specific and random facilitating parameter estimation. An important feature of the model is that it enables the estimation of the fraction of cancer cells surviving the treatment in vivo having easy-to-obtain longitudinal measurements of tumour volume. We compare several methods of estimation, including Lindstrom–Bates, iterated reweighted least squares and maximum likelihood. The last two methods are computed via the total estimating equations approach and variance least squares. The theory is illustrated with a photodynamic tumour therapy example.     

Acceptance sampling based on truncated life tests for generalized Rayleigh distribution

This paper considers the problem of an acceptance sampling plan for a truncated life test when the lifetime follows the generalized Rayleigh distribution. For different acceptance numbers, confidence levels, and values of the ratio of the fixed experiment time to the specified mean life, the minimum sample sizes necessary to ensure the specified mean life are found. The operating characteristic values of the sampling plans and producer's risk are discussed. Some tables are presented and the use of the tables is illustrated by a numerical example.     

Objective Testing Procedures in Linear Models: Calibration of the p-values

Abstract.  An optimal Bayesian decision procedure for testing hypothesis in normal linear models based on intrinsic model posterior probabilities is considered. It is proven that these posterior probabilities are simple functions of the classical F -statistic, thus the evaluation of the procedure can be carried out analytically through the frequentist analysis of the posterior probability of the null. An asymptotic analysis proves that, under mild conditions on the design matrix, the procedure is consistent. For any testing hypothesis it is also seen that there is a one-to-one mapping – which we call calibration curve – between the posterior probability of the null hypothesis and the classical bi p -value. This curve adds substantial knowledge about the possible discrepancies between the Bayesian and the p -value measures of evidence for testing hypothesis. It permits a better understanding of the serious difficulties that are encountered in linear models for interpreting the p -values. A specific illustration of the variable selection problem is given.     

科学决策研究——效用理论与房地产项目决策实例分析

房地产项目开发中决策缺乏科学性操作,给项目造成潜在风险。科学决策的规范运用使项目风险降低,成功概率大大提升。效用理论作为科学决策的重要基本理论,在决策领域发挥着重要作用。采用历史观的方法,对效用理论的创立、发展及改进进行了研究。通过对现代效用理论在房地产中基本应用的探讨,建立项目决策的效用公式,并进行了效用决策的实例分析。     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语—英语知识—认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式。     

略论西方国家电力监管立法及其借鉴意义

在系统介绍西方国家电力监管立法的基础上,就西方国家在电力监管立法的基本意义、价值目标和基本模式、内容等进行了全面分析,从中总结出了电力监管立法要注意制定监管规则、保持监管之独立性,以及支持竞争保持中立等对我国具有重要借鉴意义的若干经验。     

洗衣机发展预测模型及应用

我国洗衣机的生产发展十分迅速,从1978年的年产400台到1985年的883万台,八年间增长二千多倍,今后的生产发展前景如何?运用本文介绍的一种预测模型,可以求得公元2000年以前每年洗衣机需求量的预测值,并求得1983年8月至1991年1月为洗衣机生产发展的成熟时期,该模型亦可用于其它耐用消费品的生产发展预测,所得结果可供有关部门决策时参考。     

Determination of Less-Than-Lifetime Exposures to Point Source Emissions

This paper presents a method of estimating long-term exposures to point source emissions. The method consists of a Monte Carlo exposure model (PSEM or Point Source Exposure Model) that combines data on population mobility and mortality with information on daily activity patterns. The approach behind the model can be applied to a wide variety of exposure scenarios. In this paper, PSEM is used to characterize the range and distribution of lifetime equivalent doses received by inhalation of air contaminated by the emissions of a point source. The output of the model provides quantitative information on the dose, age, and gender of highly exposed individuals. The model is then used in an example risk assessment. Finally, future uses of the model's approach are discussed.     

饱和增长趋势预测的自适应方法

讨论了商业、市场中大量存在的饱和增长过程的自适应预测问题,详细分析了自适应增长趋势预测尤其是Kalman滤波方法涉及的模型、模型变换、递推初值确定及趋势外椎等技术问题。     

Abel分部求和公式与排序定理

Ａｂｅｌ分部求和公式与排序定理王慧兴众所周知，排序定理在不等式的证明和最优化设计方面发挥着出奇制胜的作用。本文运用Ａｂｅｌ分部求和公式给出排序定理一个新证明，因而排序定理可作为Ａｂｅｌ分部求和公式的一个推论，进而开拓Ａｂｅｌ分部求和公式在中等数学中的...