对美国资本有机构成变动趋势的实证分析

本文依据大量的历史统计数据,对美国制造业等行业以及全行业资本有机构成进行纵向、横向考察,认为若将上世纪五十至七十年代初发达资本主义国家资本有机构成的变动趋势概括为“提高缓慢,基本稳定, 有时下降”,则当代尤其是近年来其变动趋势可进一步概括为“波动中缓慢下降”。科技进步的推动、生产资料的节约、工资水平的提升、产业结构的调整是资本有机构成变动的重要原因。     

Evaluating technical efficiency of human capital formation in the Italian university: Evidence from Florence

This paper models the human capital formation in the Italian university and utilizes a measure of technical efficiency to estimate the output-efficiency of human capital formation in the University of Florence, by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on a selected set of inputs and outputs. It uses the Program Evaluation (PE) procedure as well, in an attempt to attribute shares of the variation in efficiency to factors that are beyond the control and factors that are under the control of the graduates and faculties. The authors thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

农民专业合作社成员参与行为、效果及作用机理

农民专业合作社成员参与行为包含了业务参与、资本参与和管理参与三维度,成员的业务和资本参与能使成员获得不错的经济收益,而成员管理参与是维护成员在合作社中合法收益的制度保障。依托路径分析方法,实证分析研究结果支持成员收益程度更加取决于成员的业务和资本参与水平,成员满意程度更加依托于成员的管理参与水平,研究结果也支持了股东成员更加积极进行管理参与。为推进农民专业合作社的规范可持续发展,促进成员增收致富等,需要考虑鼓励成员进行资本、业务和管理三维度的全面参与,限定单个成员最高入股比例,多途径吸引成员进行产品惠顾;鼓励成员参与成员大会、进行重大事项投票等,并正视成员的非经济期望与需求。     

中国2004年前11个月经济运行情况和2005年展望

文章对2004年前11个月经济运行的基本情况和本轮宏观调控的成效进行了阐述,并从定性和定量两个角度对2005年经济增长率和物价上涨率进行了分析和预测,最后对2005年宏观经济调控提出了一些政策性建议。     

Multistage methodologies for comparing several treatments with a control

We consider the problem of constructing a set of fixed-width simultaneous confidence intervals for the treatment-control differences of means for several independent normal populations with a common unknown variance. Taking c observations from the control population instead of the usual vector-at-a-time approach, purely sequential estimation methodology is developed and asymptotic second-order characteristics are provided. Brief remarks on the accelerated sequential and three-stage methodologies have been added. Next, with the help of simulations, performances of the purely sequential, accelerated sequential and three-stage estimation techniques are compared. Overall, the second-order asymptotics are found to provide useful approximations even for moderate sample sizes.     

Electronic Data Interchange: Research Review and Future Directions*

For nearly two decades, electronic data interchange (EDI) has been widely viewed as a technology pivotal to supply chain management that has also provided benefits to firms on multiple levels. Despite a substantial body of literature, there are a number of conflicting and inconclusive research results in this field. In this study, we synthesize the diverse body of research in EDI by organizing the literature into an initial theoretical framework. Based on a meta‐analysis of results from the empirical literature, we seek to clarify conflicting results from the literature in order to develop a more unified theoretical framework of contextual variables associated with EDI adoption factors and outcomes. From a managerial standpoint, our literature‐based framework offers a set of guidelines for making successful EDI adoption and implementation decisions.     

On Some Aspects of Unbiased Estimation of Parameters in Quasi-Binomial Distributions

In this article, an attempt has been made to settle the question of existence of unbiased estimator of the key parameter p of the quasi-binomial distributions of Type I (QBD I) and of Type II (QBD II), with/without any knowledge of the other parameter φ appearing in the expressions for probability functions of the QBD's. This is studied with reference to a single observation, a random sample of finite size m as also with samples drawn by suitably defined sequential sampling rules.     

Akaike Information Criterion for Selecting Variables in the Nested Error Regression Model

The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is developed for selecting the variables of the nested error regression model where an unobservable random effect is present. Using the idea of decomposing the likelihood into two parts of “within” and “between” analysis of variance, we derive the AIC when the number of groups is large and the ratio of the variances of the random effects and the random errors is an unknown parameter. The proposed AIC is compared, using simulation, with Mallows' C _p , Akaike's AIC, and Sugiura's exact AIC. Based on the rates of selecting the true model, it is shown that the proposed AIC performs better.     

Sequential order statistics from dependent random variables

Abstract

This paper provides an extension for “sequential order statistics” (SOS) introduced by Kamps. It is called “developed sequential order statistics” (DSOS) and is useful for describing lifetimes of engineering systems when component lifetimes are dependent. Explicit expressions for the joint density function, the marginal distributions and the means of DSOS are derived. Under the well known “conditional proportional hazard rate” (CPHR) model and the Gumbel families of copulas for dependency among component lifetimes, some findings are reported. For example, it is proved that the joint density functions of DSOS and SOS have the same structure. Various illustrative examples are also given.     

Decision and choice in transforming data

Statistics are developed for predicting the effect of data transformations on the F statistic when the assumptions of homoscedasticity and normality underlying the AN OVA are not necessarily satisfied. These statistics are useful for determining whether and how to transform, They are developed by partitioning the change in the observed value of the jF-statistic under the transformation, into two expressions, one of which depends on the "truth" of HQ while the other does not. Using this partition, desirable properties are derived for transformations. Criteria are developed defining transformations which tend to preserve the type 1 error while increasing power when needed. Using these criteria, the notion of model robustness is introduced. It is shown that the Box-Cox methodology for selecting a power transform may, under certain conditions, produce a transformation which does not permit inferences to be made about the parent population from the transformed population. An alternative approach suggested here does permit such inferences.