Globally intensity-reweighted estimators for K- and pair correlation functions

We introduce new estimators of the inhomogeneous K-function and the pair correlation function of a spatial point process as well as the cross K-function and the cross pair correlation function of a bivariate spatial point process under the assumption of second-order intensity-reweighted stationarity. These estimators rely on a ‘global’ normalisation factor which depends on an aggregation of the intensity function, while the existing estimators depend ‘locally’ on the intensity function at the individual observed points. The advantages of our new global estimators over the existing local estimators are demonstrated by theoretical considerations and a simulation study.     

Some problems of optimal allocation in sample surveys involving inequality constraints

Four optimal sample allocation problems, involving inequality constraints of a special type, are investigated, Solutions are obtained by employing an extension of a result due to Thompson (1962). Applications are given.     

Turning Points to Becoming a Tobacco Smoker: Smoking Initiation and Identity Change among Chinese Youth

In this study, we analyzed identity construction among young smokers in China, with three interconnected objectives: to theorize the turning points and career trajectory of smoking initiation; to account for their characteristics with interactionist processes; and to critically evaluate the applicability of classic typologies of identity change by Becker and Strauss. In-depth interviews with 24 late adolescents (ages 18–19) revealed a smoking initiation career path of four interconnected turning points, each characterized by interactionist processes. Smoker peers played a key role in facilitating overall career progression, and shame avoidance was crucial to their social dynamics. We also conclude that classic studies of turning points in general, and substance use specifically, are sufficiently broad and flexible to elucidate tobacco smoker identity construction in China, and facilitate a comparison of commonality and divergence among different “becoming” identities. The implications of these findings for tobacco control in China are discussed.     

Modelling and classification of species abundance: a case study in the Barro Colorado Island plot

Quantifying and modelling the effect of environmental variables on the abundance of species is of great importance in plant ecology and forestry. In this paper, using a log-additive model, the effect of environmental variables on distribution of five species in the Barro Colorado Island plot is modelled. The fitted log-additive models are examined and compared with conventional log-linear models. Finally, a cluster analysis is employed to classify species into groups with similar habitat preferences.     

Detecting structural change in linear models

Consider a sequence of independent observations which change their marginal distribution at most once somewhere in the sequence and one is not certain where the change has occurred. One would be interested in detecting the change and determining the two distributions which would describe the sequence. On the other hand if no change had occurred, one would want to know the common distribution of the observations. This study develops a Bayesian test for detecting a switch from one linear model to another. The test is based on the marginal posterior mass function of the switch point and the posterior probability of a stable model. This test and an informal sequential procedure of Smith are illustrated with data generated from an unstable linear regression model, which changes the linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables     

Multiscale change point detection for dependent data

In this article we study the theoretical properties of the simultaneous multiscale change point estimator (SMUCE) in piecewise-constant signal models with dependent error processes. Empirical studies suggest that in this case the change point estimate is inconsistent, but it is not known if alternatives suggested in the literature for correlated data are consistent. We propose a modification of SMUCE scaling the basic statistic by the long run variance of the error process, which is estimated by a difference-type variance estimator calculated from local means from different blocks. For this modification we prove model consistency for physical-dependent error processes and illustrate the finite sample performance by means of a simulation study.     

西方法学流派的逻辑起点及其局限

比较西方三大经典法学流派,我们发现不同的法学流派都有自己的核心问题意识与逻辑起点。自然法学以价值为逻辑起点,规范法学以规范为逻辑起点,社科法学以社会事实为逻辑起点。这看似常识化的命题,既展示了不同法学流派的魅力所在,也隐含了这些流派的内在局限。在我国法学流派渐趋成型的当前,深入理解三大法学流派逻辑起点的两面性有助于在西方法学思潮研究中确立科学的研究态度,并以此为基础建构适合中国的法学流派。     

汉末魏初诗文论重心的转移与文学价值的发现——试论铃木虎雄“文学自觉说”的内涵及其判断依据

＂文学自觉说＂自问世以来,就一直是一个极为模糊的概念。由于铃木虎雄在表述上的过于简略和自身矛盾,导致学界长期以来对其内涵以及判断依据存在着理解上的差异。从铃木虎雄在《中国诗论史》中的整体思路来判断,他的所谓＂文学自觉＂是指汉末魏初以来对于文学价值的发现与承认,是文学价值观念的自觉;其判断依据则为汉末魏初诗文论的重心由道德教化向文学自身的转移。当代学界对于＂文学自觉说＂的重新审视,必须摆脱因为误解了铃木虎雄而造成的本不应存在的影响。     

一流大学师资队伍建设的着力点——我国34所"985工程"高校的实证研究

采用我国34所985工程高校的数据,运用灰色关联分析方法,实证研究了师资队伍各要素与一流大学产出之间的关联度,发现师资队伍的国际化水平、高端汇聚程度和学术引领能力是影响大学产出的关键因素,并确定为一流大学师资队伍建设的着力点。     

元代儒者价值观念中的"我"与"为我"——吴澄真儒观探析

在元代,儒者的价值观念发生了很大变化。这一变化可从其核心的主体意识和利益意识的变化中得到说明。元代著名理学家吴澄面对元代儒者所面临的价值危机,一方面以＂承继道统＂明确元代儒者的主体意识;另一方面以＂内圣外王＂规定元代儒者的利益意识,为元代儒者重新树立了＂真儒＂这一价值目标,肯定了元代儒者的人格自尊与价值自觉。