茅盾论鲁迅的思想发展：从革命民主主义到共产主义

1956年,在鲁迅逝世二十周年纪念大会上,茅盾作了题为《鲁迅一从革命民主主义到共产主义》的重要报告,论述了鲁迅思想发展的道路。茅盾认为,“从鲁迅思想发展的道路看来,1927年前后是一个转折点……我们不妨以此为分界而称为前期后期……”这就是说,以1927年为分界,鲁迅思想可以分为前后两期：1927年以前,鲁迅是一位革命民主主义者,1927年以后,鲁迅是一位共产主义者。“从革命民主主义到共产主义”,就是鲁迅思想发展的道路。茅盾关于鲁迅思想发展道路的新论,超越了瞿秋白关于这个问题的见解,显得更为科学。     

指示的交际功能分析

现有的语用学理论对指示进行界定,并集中描写与解释了人称、时间、空间、社会及篇章等几类指示语。而从交际本身着眼,参照话语意义的建构过程,重新思考指示的本质及其在会话中的重要作用,发现指示不应仅仅看作是简单的指称现象,它是话语意义实现的一个支点,是话语与交际意图实现关联的根本方式。     

“政府利益界定”研究与分析

学界专家围绕政府利益分别提出了五种代表性观点,即政府利益就是公共利益;政府利益是与公共利益相区别的政府自身利益;政府和公务员既代表公共利益,又有小团体和个人利益;行政机关代表公共利益,而政府官员则具有自身利益;剥削阶级国家的政府拥有自身特殊利益,社会主义国家的政府代表公共利益。上述观点各有其合理之处与缺陷不足,未来政府利益的研究应在科学确定政府与公众关系的基础上,采用结构形态研究方法,把宏观研究与微观研究,定性研究与定量研究有机结合起来,开拓多学科交叉的研究视野,重视政府利益作用的研究。     

独存·淹没·漂浮：寻求社会行动论的归宿

社会行动论依然统摄着社会理论的全旨,但知识塌陷和社会断裂使其漂浮。社会行动知识的非固定在体的游离或丢失,内涵了再次寻找社会行动论归宿的合法性基础和话语权。这种寻找可能蕴生出社会理论本体论的认识论和方法论的统一性知识行动,其结果或许会显现一种新的行动论样式。     

关于一类非线性映射迭代序列收敛的等价性

对任意实Banach空间中的广义Φ 压缩映射分别证明了Mann迭代序列与Noor迭代序列收敛的等价性以及Mann迭代序列与Ishikawa迭代序列收敛的等价性,所得的结果是2005年S.M.Soltuz和2007年Xue Zhiqun等人结果的相应推广与改进。     

论主体与课程变革的关系

主体在社会化的过程中必然会受到意识形态等社会因素的影响,从而形成其"个人观点"。这种"个人观点"直接或间接地影响着主体处理问题的思维方式。作为中国近代高等学校课程变革的主体,他们在课程目标的确定、课程内容的选择和课程结构的调整等过程中,也同样深受当时社会的主流意识形态和"个人观点"的影响。      

Estimating and Testing Structural Changes in Multivariate Regressions

This paper considers issues related to estimation, inference, and computation with multiple structural changes that occur at unknown dates in a system of equations. Changes can occur in the regression coefficients and/or the covariance matrix of the errors. We also allow arbitrary restrictions on these parameters, which permits the analysis of partial structural change models, common breaks that occur in all equations, breaks that occur in a subset of equations, and so forth. The method of estimation is quasi‐maximum likelihood based on Normal errors. The limiting distributions are obtained under more general assumptions than previous studies. For testing, we propose likelihood ratio type statistics to test the null hypothesis of no structural change and to select the number of changes. Structural change tests with restrictions on the parameters can be constructed to achieve higher power when prior information is present. For computation, an algorithm for an efficient procedure is proposed to construct the estimates and test statistics. We also introduce a novel locally ordered breaks model, which allows the breaks in different equations to be related yet not occurring at the same dates.     

美国文化背景下的新闻报道

文化是每个民族和每个国家不能摆脱的一种价值观念,它对一个民族、一个国家的潜移默化作用是不可忽 视的。新闻报道是社会文化的重要组成部分之一,它体现着文化层面的精神实质和价值观念。本文试从文化的角度来 对美国的新闻报道进行反思,揭示了美国新闻报道中所包含的“道义”观与“国家利益至上”观共存现象,根源就在于其文 化中所包含的价值观念。     

Tests for Unit Roots and the Initial Condition

The paper analyzes the impact of the initial condition on the problem of testing for unit roots. To this end, we derive a family of optimal tests that maximize a weighted average power criterion with respect to the initial condition. We then investigate the relationship of this optimal family to popular tests. We find that many unit root tests are closely related to specific members of the optimal family, but the corresponding members employ very different weightings for the initial condition. The popular Dickey‐Fuller tests, for instance, put a large weight on extreme deviations of the initial observation from the deterministic component, whereas other popular tests put more weight on moderate deviations. Since the power of unit root tests varies dramatically with the initial condition, this paper explains the results of comparative power studies of unit root tests. The results allow a much deeper understanding of the merits of particular tests in specific circumstances, and a guide to choosing which statistics to use in practice.     

Second‐order analysis of marked inhomogeneous spatiotemporal point processes: Applications to earthquake data

To analyze interactions in marked spatiotemporal point processes (MSTPPs), we introduce marked second‐order reduced moment measures and K‐functions for inhomogeneous second‐order intensity‐reweighted stationary MSTPPs. These summary statistics, which allow us to quantify dependence between different mark‐based classifications of points, depend on the specific mark space and mark reference measure chosen. Unbiased and consistent minus‐sampling estimators are derived for all statistics considered, and a test for random labeling is indicated. In addition, we treat Voronoi intensity estimators for MSTPPs. These new statistics are finally employed to analyze an Andaman Sea earthquake data set.