Analysis of Means Using Ranks

A nonparametric procedure, called the analysis of means using ranks (ANOMR), is proposed for testing the equality of several population means. The ANOMR procedure may be used graphically in the form of a Shewhart control chart and so has the advantage of pinpointing which population mean, if any, is significantly different from the others. Exact and asymptotic critical values are given for the implementation of ANOMR. Results from a Monte Carlo power study are presented which indicate that for light-tailed distributions such as the uniform and the normal, ANOMR is only slightly less powerful than the parametric competitive procedures based on analysis of variance and analysis of means. For heavy-tailed distributions such as the Cauchy, ANOMR is shown to provide greater power than the parametric procedures. The results also indicate that for both light and heavy-tailed distributions the use of the ANOMR test instead of the Kruskal-Wallis test leads to only a small loss of power for a range of alternatives.     

A control chart for variance based on squared ranks

A nonparametric control chart for variance is proposed. The chart is constructed following the change-point approach through the recursive use of the squared ranks test for variance. It is capable of detecting changes in the behaviour of individual observations with performance similar to a self-starting CUSUM chart for scale when normality is assumed, and a relatively better power when assessing nonnormal observations. A comparison is also made with two equivalent nonparametric charts based on Mood and Ansari-Bradley statistics. When dealing with symmetrical distributions, the proposed chart shows smaller (better) out-of-control average run length (ARL), and a competing performance otherwise. In addition, sensitivity to changes in mean and variance at the same time was tested. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation was used to measure performance, and a practical example is provided to illustrate how the proposed control chart can be implemented in practice.     

西部新建地方本科院校师资队伍建设的困境与出路——以高校师资建设的发展趋势为视角

以新时期高校师资队伍建设的“五大趋势”(专业化、社会化、法律化、未来化和整体化)为分析视角,针对新建地方本科院校师资建设存在的“五大问题”(队伍不稳定、综合素质亟待提高、队伍结构不合理、学校与学科壁垒比较森严以及有效的用人机制、激励机制尚未形成),提出新时期新建地方本科院校加强师资建设的“五大工程”(人才强校工程、优化素质工程、稳定人心工程、目标责任工程与依法治教工程)。     

INFERENCE FOR CENSORED MATCHED PAIRS USING SIGNED RANKS

Using the marginal likelihood based on the signed ranks derived from matched pairs data, inferences are made for regression parameters. Both members of a given pair are subject to the same censoring time, while different pairs are subject to different censoring times. Censoring is independent of the response and on the right. Easily calculated logistic density scores are used to provide an approximate analysis so that inferences can be made about a regression parameter in the presence of a difference within the matched pairs. Inference for the survival times of matched skin grafts is considered.     

Probability proportional to size (πps) sampling using ranks

There can be gains in estimation efficiency over equal probability samplin methods when one makes use of auxiliary information for probability proporti onal to size with replacement (πpswr) sampling methods. The usual method is simple to execute, but might lead to more than one appearance in the sampl e for any particular unit. When a suitable variable x is not available, one may know how to rank units reasonably well relative to the unknown y values before sample selection. When such ranking is possible, we introduce a simple and efficient sampling plan using the ranks as the unknown x measures of size. The proposed sampling plan is similar to, has the simplicity of, and has no greater sampling variance than with replacement sampling, but is without replacement.     

论春秋时期鲁国的“列国”本位

鲁国在春秋时期的邦交活动中,坚持以“列国”作为本国邦国等级的定位,并形成与之相统一的荣辱观。周代礼制规定判断“列国”的首要标准为五等诸侯爵位,“列国”是指“公侯之国”,是拥有完整邦国权力的大国。而与“伯子男”等小国相对。但在春秋时期评价邦国等级的标准则变为国家大小与实力强弱。“列国”这一概念也逐渐与“列于诸侯”合流,用为“众国”“各国”。而这一变化也左右着鲁国“列国”意识的走向。     

清初异姓封王制度述略

清初异姓封王原只是清廷招降汉官的政治招牌,在明清鼎革之际,由于封王所具有的政治诱惑促动了一批动摇的故明文臣武将弃明投清;这对于推动清初统一天下的历史进程无疑具有积极意义。然而异姓王在清初征战中,也渐成"坐大"之势,并直接危及望权和清初业已形成的一统局面,至康熙朝只得用武力废弃异姓王制度。     

新形势下党员队伍建设初探

党员队伍建设是党的建设的重要内容,党的十五大报告对新时期党员队伍建设提出了很高的要求,如何按照十五大的精神,建设一支高素质的党员队伍,是各级党组织所面临的新课题。本文就党员队伍建设所面临的新情况、新问题以及如何加强党员队伍建设作一些初浅的探讨。     

从《二年律令》看与军功爵制有关的三个问题——《二年律令》与军功爵制研究之三

历史文献及此前公布的秦汉简牍,对官级与爵级的对比,军功爵制下的妇女地位,军功爵制如何继承问题,都没有具体的记载,《二年律令》补上了这几项空白。《二年律令》保存了二十级爵与官级逐级对比关系,有在军功爵制下"女子比其夫爵"的法律条文,有各级军功爵拥有者关于其嫡长子、嫡子和庶出众子对爵位继承的各种不同的继承规定。从以上三个问题中可以看出在吕后时期,军功爵制在政治、经济等方面还有实际价值,军功爵制在社会上还很受尊重。