A sociological economy of HIV/AIDS vaccine partnerships: case studies from Africa and India

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are perhaps the key emergent theme in the delivery of what the socio-economic literature terms global public goods. In light of the problems relating to the distribution of health services and products in developing countries, partnerships between public and private institutions are often proposed as an innovative mechanism to reconnect and reorient supply and demand. In this area, the International Aids Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), which is driving the development of candidate HIV/AIDS vaccines through injections of capital into the research process, represents a significant case study. IAVI seeks to form partnerships between key public and private interests committing them to sharing the risks, costs and benefits of research into an effective and affordable vaccine against HIV. Our empirical work covers partnerships based in several countries including Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and India. Our early findings highlight IAVI's ability as a learning institution as it adapts its institutional arrangements to various local contexts. An offshoot of this appears to be the building of real local capacity.     

“两型社会”建设背景下城市地下空间利用的法律促进——兼论《城市地下空间开发利用管理规定》的修正

城市地下空间利用与"两型社会建设相契合。《城市地下空问开发利用管理规定》为两者的发展提供了基础,但也要顺应时代需求,作出修正;而当务之急就是站在更宏观的角度增加城市地下空间利用的一元管理模式、直接促进制度等内容。     

H-likelihood: problems and solutions

In recent issues of this journal it has been asserted in two papers that the use of h-likelihood is wrong, in the sense of giving unsatisfactory estimates of some parameters for binary data (Kuk and Cheng, 1999; Waddington and Thompson, 2004) or theoretically unsound (Kuk and Cheng, 1999). We wish to refute both these assertions.     

Expanding the focus of cost–benefit analysis for food safety: a multi-factorial risk prioritization approach

A pressing need in the area of food safety is a tool for making overall, macro-judgments about which risks should be given priority for management. Governments often seek to base this prioritization on public health impacts only to find that other considerations also influence the prioritization process. A multi-factorial approach formally recognizes that public health, market-level impacts, consumer risk preferences and acceptance, and the social sensitivity of particular risks all play a role in prioritization. It also provides decision-makers with a variety of information outputs that allow risk prioritization to be considered along different dimensions. Macro-level prioritization of risks based on multiple factors is an important expanded use of cost–benefit analysis to manage risk.     

有界风险模型中Gerber-Shiu函数的若干结果

研究了有界风险模型中的Gerber-Shiu函数,得到了当索赔到达Erlang(2)过程时Gerber-Shiu函数满足的微积分方程,并进行求解.进而研究了延迟更新有界风险模型中,对首次索赔时刻的分布加入一个新的参数时Gerber-Shiu函数的变化,并得到了一个数学上易处理的Gerber-Shiu函数的公式.     

2004年诺贝尔经济学奖得主的理论贡献

芬·基德兰德和爱德华·普雷斯考特因在实际经济周期理论和经济政策的时间一致性方面的研究成果获得了2004年诺贝尔经济学奖,本文介绍分析了获奖者在这两个方面的理论贡献。     

从民事再审程序两个理论问题谈我国民事再审程序的重构

我国学术界对我国民事再审程序提起主体和再审程序中举证时限问题的论争很多。当事人申请再审诉权、申诉权的特性及其与检察院、法院审判监督权的对立统一关系说明,有必要保留检察院、法院提起民事再审程序的权力。我国民事再审程序中当事人举证时限制度也需要进一步完善。至此,我国民事再审程序需要重构。     

Evaluating the Efficacy of a Mental Models Approach for Improving Occupational Chemical Risk Protection

Chemical risk protection in the workplace relies partly on informing workers about possible risks using material safety data sheets (MSDS). This article reports on phase 2 of a project (phase 1 reported in Cox et al.), which employed a mental models approach to improve on data sheets as communicative interventions for perchloroethylene in dry cleaning and rosin-based solder flux in the electronics industry within small businesses in the United Kingdom (small enterprises (SEs) < 25 employees in the workplace). It focuses on the efficacy of a multimethod evaluation strategy to assess (1) the capacity of a mental models approach to yield contextually relevant data for intervention design and (2) the effectiveness of the strategy itself in validating the mental models data. The evaluation was conducted using postal questionnaires and semi-structured verbal protocols to provide responses to the alternative intervention content and to prioritize risk messages. User discussion groups were then employed, particularly as a means of establishing whether contextual information could be obtained that would differ qualitatively from the kind elicited through individual (semi) structured methods. We conclude that the mental models approach as part of an iterative process including systematic multimethod evaluation is successful in supporting the design of relevant communications to the users of chemicals. The overall viability of communicative interventions in the context of health and safety in small businesses remains in question. Future research might aim to develop a more holistic approach to interventions in complex occupational contexts.     

The Time Squeeze: Parental Statuses and Feelings About Time With Children

Policy makers, parents, and the public are concerned with perceived declines in parents’ time with children. Data from two national surveys (N = 1,159 and N = 821) used in this study show that nearly half of parents report feeling too little time with children. Work hours are strongly related to these feelings, even controlling for time spent with children, and explain why fathers more than mothers feel time strain. For fathers, those whose youngest child is an adolescent feel more strain than similarly situated mothers. Controlling for work hours, single parents are not more likely than married parents to feel that they spend insufficient time with children.     

谈党的指导思想的与时俱进

党的指导思想是党具有生命力和创造力的根本所在。我们党的指导思想自党的七大确立以来，经历了两次重大调整，不断与时俱进。党的指导思想的每一次与时俱进都反映了客观现实的变化，都表明了我们党自身的发展，都对当时的社会实践产生了巨大的指导作用，使我们党不断从胜利走向胜利。