浅议政府采购实践中存在的问题及政策建议

政府采购制度经过几年的实践,取得了巨大进展.政府采购对于节约财政资金,提高财政资金使用效益,促进廉政建设起到了积极的作用.但在实际采购工作中,也存在一些问题和不足,如何总结经验,克服不足,进一步推进政府采购制度的实施,本文从存在的问题入手加以分析,提出了加强政府采购预算管理,扩大政府采购规模等政策建议.     

Measurements of separation among probability densities or random variables

Distance between two probability densities or two random variables is a well established concept in statistics. The present paper considers generalizations of distances to separation measurements for three or more elements in a function space. Geometric intuition and examples from hypothesis testing suggest lower and upper bounds for such measurements in terms of pairwise distances; but also in L_p spaces some useful non-pairwise separation measurements always lie within these bounds. Examples of such separation measurements are the Bayes probability of correct classification among several arbitrary distributions, and the expected range among several random variables.     

关于证据交换制度几个具体问题的探讨

证据交换是审前准备的重要环节。我国证据交换制度是借鉴国外相关制度的基础上建立起来的。最高人民法院关于《民事诉讼证据的若干规定》中的证据交换的内容过于笼统,实践中有许多问题值得探讨。因此有必要对证据交换的主体、范围、方式以及与举证时限的关系等具体问题进行了探讨,以求探究如何更好地运用证据交换制度,发挥其应有的作用。     

A continuous approximation for evaluating reliability of complex systems under stress-strength model.

Evaluation of system reliability for complex systems based on Taylor's approximation becomes increasingly intractable. Taguchi's concept of random experimentation has been exploited by English et al (1996) for discretization of complex systems and determination of reliability values. We indicate a few demerits of discretization method and propose to retain the continuous character of the original problem by evaluating system reliability using a range approximation method. Our proposed method works better than discretization approach in all the three engineering problems considered for the purpose of demonstration.     

Asymptotic Distributions of the Generalized Range,Midrange, Extremal Quotient,and Extremal Product,with a Comparison Study

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak convergence of the generalized range, midrange, extremal quotient, and extremal product are obtained. The classes of possible non degenerate limit distribution functions of these simple statistics are characterized. Comparison study between these statistics with some examples for the most important distribution functions are given.     

Handling uncertain decisions in whole process design

In recent years, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries have observed a noticeable decline in economic activity. This has resulted in many companies focusing on innovative research and development as they consider this key to business success. In particular, a number of leading industrial organisations have adopted the principles of Whole Process Design (WPD). WPD considers the optimisation of the entire product development process, from raw materials to end product, rather than focusing on each individual unit operation. The complexity involved with the implementation of WPD requires rationalised decision-making, often with limited or uncertain information. This paper presents the outcomes of two questionnaires that examined the requirements of professionals working within the chemistry-using industries with respect to developing a decision-making support tool. From the findings a methodology is proposed, the outcome of which allows a decision-maker to visually interpret their decision results with associated levels of uncertainty. A chemical route selection case study demonstrates and validates the application of the proposed methodology.     

三种数值检索方式在SADIQ中的应用研究

本文介绍了SADIQ数据库针对玻璃/搪瓷釉料/陶瓷材料组分数值范围检索的特点,采用图解方法对比分析三种数值范围检索方式,并针对实际案例研究三种数值范围检索方式在SADIQ数据库中的应用。研究表明,三种数值范围检索方式各有特点,灵活综合运用能够实现在SADIQ数据库中查准和查全数据资源,快速获得评价专利申请的新颖性和/或创造性的文献。     

あいだに」和「ぅちに」的差异分析

从共时的角度考察日语中由「あいだに」和「うちに」构成的时间复句的用法.考察结果显示,「あいだに」和「うちに」均表示一定的时间范围,多数情况下可以互换,但二者存在情感色彩上的差异.「あいだに」仅用于客观陈述主句谓语的时间范围;而「うちに」在表达时间关系的同时还可以表示前后项事件之间的因果关系或伴有说话者主观的紧迫感或意外感的语气.「うちに」这些用法来自「うち」所具有的[对立性]这一语义特征.