Urban areas as hot-spots for introduced and shelters for native isopod species

Isopod assemblages were studied in Budapest, capital of Hungary. The analyses of literary and field data revealed a high species richness (28 species), compared to the total species number (57) in Hungary. Habitats characteristics for the city were categorized as native forests, urban forests, gardens of Buda, gardens of Pest, public parks, densely built-up areas and botanical gardens. We hypothesized that isolated and diverse habitat patches in the city matrix of Budapest support the introduction and establishment of exotic species and the survival of native ones. The composition of assemblages varied among sampling sites, but were characteristic for the biotope categories. We concluded that forests, parks and gardens play an important role in the survival of native isopod populations. Species numbers were highest in the gardens of Buda and in the botanical gardens (both 17 species). The overall presence of cosmopolitan and disturbance-tolerant species indicates an ongoing homogenization process.     

案例教学法的起源、特点与应用研究

案例教学是培养学生理论联系实际、解决问题能力的一种教学方法,是保证教学质量和教学效果的重要手段,具有典型性与鲜活性、教学组织多样性等特点。案例教学独特的教学方法对教师和学生都提出了较高的要求。案例教学法广泛适用于职业教育形式;适用于具有创新精神的研究型教师;适用于具有一定基础知识、素质全面的学生。从应用效果看,该方法比较适合人文社科领域。     

中日行政补偿范围比较及启示

行政补偿是行政机关的合法行为对相对人合法权益造成损害给予弥补的一项法律制度.中日两国行政补偿制度补偿的概念、应予补偿的行政行为和补偿的项目上都存在较大的差异,我国的行政补偿制度建设应该借鉴日本的经验,逐步扩大行政补偿的范围.     

哲里木盟热量资源变化及其对农业的影响

分析哲盟地区近四十五年热量资源变化。在此基础上，分析了热量变化对农业生产的可能影响，并提出了相应的对策。     

证券投资者保护基金偿付范围研究

我国已颁布的《证券投资者保护基金管理办法》初步建立了证券投资者保护基金的法律制度,但是,在证券投资者保护基金偿付范围方面的规定还存在不少缺陷,需要我们借鉴先进市场经济国家的比较成熟的相关制度,结合我国的具体国情进行制度创新,对已有的制度进行进一步的完善。      

论光污染民事责任的承担

随着环境问题的日益严重,环境侵权责任研究得到了理论与实务界的广泛关注。但环境侵权种类繁多,涉及各种领域和行业,因此,欲有效地规制环境侵权、对环境侵权的受害人进行恰当的救济还需要对环境侵权进行类型化、具体化研究。光污染侵权是一种新型的环境侵权类型,其在侵权行为的认定、损害赔偿、民事责任的承担方式等方面都有其特殊之处,对光污染侵权的民事责任的承担进行专门的研究有助于法律适用,也有利于推动光污染单行法的立法进程。     

投资偏好与“特质波动率之谜”——以中国股票市场A股为研究对象

与价格走势平平的股票相比,投资者更愿意选择过去价格变化幅度较大的股票。这种投资偏好是否是产生“特质波动率之谜”的原因呢？本文以中国股票市场A股为研究对象,首先验证中国股票市场“特质波动率之谜”的存在性。随后组合分析和Fama-MacBeth横截面回归分析发现,价格极差可以在一定程度上解释但不能完全解释“特质波动率之谜”。横截面回归结果表明,在价格极差、最大日收益率、换手率三者的共同作用下,特质波动率与股票预期收益之间的负向关系不再显著。由此,对某些特殊股票的投资偏好可能是产生“特质波动率之谜”的主要原因。     

复杂环境影响下雷达探测范围三维可视化

提出了一种复杂环境影响下的雷达探测范围三维可视化方法。该方法以雷达方程为基础,主要考虑地形和电磁干扰影响下的雷达探测范围三维可视化。首先利用均匀采样法建立自由空间中的雷达探测范围模型,然后在获取数字地形高程的前提下,基于光的直线传播原理提出一种雷达探测范围受地形影响的算法,并实现了地形影响下的雷达探测范围三维可视化;以干扰方程为基础,实现了多干扰源情况下雷达探测范围三维可视化。利用基于视点的雷达模型简化方法,有效地提高了绘制速度。实验结果表明,该方法不仅效率高,而且能真实直观地展现雷达探测范围。     

Normative Life Satisfaction in Chinese Societies

Research over several decades about subjective life satisfaction has led to the conclusion that the majority of people seem to be satisfied with their lives when their social and physical needs are met. In empirical studies which have used self-report instruments, this trend is reflected in respondents’ consistent preference for the positive end of scales. This led to the suggestion that there is a normative range for life satisfaction, which should hold true for general population data and, therefore, serve as a reference point, or a gold standard, for comparison (Cummins Social Indicators Research, 35, 179–200, 1995, Social Indicators Research, 43, 307–334, 1998). Subsequent research has shown that Western and non-Western samples generally conform to the normative range, but more data are needed from Chinese societies. In an attempt to remedy this situation, this paper investigates normative life satisfaction there. This paper reanalyses published and unpublished data from various Chinese societies (People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, and Taiwan) in order to confirm whether or not they lie within the normative range for non-Western countries. The results provide support for the relevance of Cummins’s normative range in Chinese societies. That the normative range generalised to the present study is a very useful finding, as it supports its utility for Chinese samples, and adds support to a theoretical explanation – i.e. the Wellbeing Homeostatisis theory—in Chinese groups.     

Hybrid Dirichlet mixture models for functional data

Summary.  In functional data analysis, curves or surfaces are observed, up to measurement error, at a finite set of locations, for, say, a sample of n individuals. Often, the curves are homogeneous, except perhaps for individual-specific regions that provide heterogeneous behaviour (e.g. 'damaged' areas of irregular shape on an otherwise smooth surface). Motivated by applications with functional data of this nature, we propose a Bayesian mixture model, with the aim of dimension reduction, by representing the sample of n curves through a smaller set of canonical curves. We propose a novel prior on the space of probability measures for a random curve which extends the popular Dirichlet priors by allowing local clustering: non-homogeneous portions of a curve can be allocated to different clusters and the n individual curves can be represented as recombinations (hybrids) of a few canonical curves. More precisely, the prior proposed envisions a conceptual hidden factor with k -levels that acts locally on each curve. We discuss several models incorporating this prior and illustrate its performance with simulated and real data sets. We examine theoretical properties of the proposed finite hybrid Dirichlet mixtures, specifically, their behaviour as the number of the mixture components goes to ∞ and their connection with Dirichlet process mixtures.