Discrimination between the complementary log-log and logistic model for ordinal data

An assessment is made of the number of observations on ordinal data necessary for reasonable power in a significance test of the null hypothesis of a logit model versus an alternative of a complementary log-log and vice versa. The conclusion is that quite modest numbers of observations, e.g. 50-100, are adequate provided that the boundaries of the ordinal scale are suitably defined.     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.     

Diagnostic checks for discrete data regression models using posterior predictive simulations

Model checking with discrete data regressions can be difficult because the usual methods such as residual plots have complicated reference distributions that depend on the parameters in the model. Posterior predictive checks have been proposed as a Bayesian way to average the results of goodness-of-fit tests in the presence of uncertainty in estimation of the parameters. We try this approach using a variety of discrepancy variables for generalized linear models fitted to a historical data set on behavioural learning. We then discuss the general applicability of our findings in the context of a recent applied example on which we have worked. We find that the following discrepancy variables work well, in the sense of being easy to interpret and sensitive to important model failures: structured displays of the entire data set, general discrepancy variables based on plots of binned or smoothed residuals versus predictors and specific discrepancy variables created on the basis of the particular concerns arising in an application. Plots of binned residuals are especially easy to use because their predictive distributions under the model are sufficiently simple that model checks can often be made implicitly. The following discrepancy variables did not work well: scatterplots of latent residuals defined from an underlying continuous model and quantile–quantile plots of these residuals.     

新世纪文论的开拓、创新与深度——《新世纪文论》评析

余三定等合著的<新世纪文论>包括文艺学、文艺哲学以及文学艺术批评等多方面的内容.该书积极求索、探新、用深,具有突出的理论开拓与创新意义.他们每人的文论研究都是站在文艺学整体性的基点上,进而突出各自的研究方向,各具特色,从而推动和促进了新世纪文论的发展.     

Stochastic Production Frontier and Technical Inefficiency: A Sensitivity Analysis

The present paper focuses attention on the sensitivity of technical inefficiency to most commonly used one-sided distributions of the inefficiency error term, namely the truncated normal, the half-normal, and the exponential distributions. A generalized version of the half-normal, which does not embody the zero-mean restriction, is also explored. For each distribution, the likelihood function and the counterpart of the estimator of technical efficiency are explicitly stated (Jondrow, J., Lovell, C. A. K., Materov, I. S., Schmidt, P. ([1982]), On estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model, J. Econometrics19:233-238). Based on our panel data set, related to Tunisian manufacturing firms over the period 1983-1993, formal tests lead to a strong rejection of the zero-mean restriction embodied in the half normal distribution. Our main conclusion is that the degree of measured inefficiency is very sensitive to the postulated assumptions about the distribution of the one-sided error term. The estimated inefficiency indices are, however, unaffected by the choice of the functional form for the production function.     

WDM网双故障的共享子通路保护算法

研究了WDM网中双故障导致的多链路失效问题,提出了一种共享子通路保护算法。共享子通路保护为每条业务请求计算一条最短的工作路由,并为工作路由上每段子通路各计算两条共享风险链路组分离且代价最小的保护路由。仿真表明,共享子通路保护不仅能有效地保护双故障导致的多链路失效,而且能在资源利用率(阻塞率)和保护切换时间之间进行性能折衷。     

无线Mesh网络链路认知OLSR路由协议

针对无线Mesh网络性能需求,及其路由所面临的挑战,以OLSR路由协议为基础,提出一种链路认知的路由协议LC-OLSR。协议对节点负载、链路投递率和链路可用性等环境进行感知和推理,获得网络中节点之间的路径链路质量评价,评价结果用于路由的优化,达到提高网络吞吐率和负载均衡的目的。仿真表明,LC-OLSR能够提高无线Mesh网络的分组递交率,降低平均端到端延时,一定程度上达到了负载均衡的目的。     

对美国制造业重振雄风的政策认知过程的系统透视

文章概述了20世纪美国制造业的衰落和重振,从系统观点出发对其激励政策链条着重作了研究,提出政策系统是一个从观念到操作的层次和过程链。     

A theoretical analysis of the power of biased coin designs

Outlining some recently obtained results of Hu and Rosenberger [2003. Optimality, variability, power: evaluating response-adaptive randomization procedures for treatment comparisons. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 98, 671–678] and Chen [2006. The power of Efron's biased coin design. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 136, 1824–1835] on the relationship between sequential randomized designs and the power of the usual statistical procedures for testing the equivalence of two competing treatments, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical proofs of the numerical results of Chen [2006. The power of Efron's biased coin design. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 136, 1824–1835]. Furthermore, we prove that the Adjustable Biased Coin Design [Baldi Antognini A., Giovagnoli, A., 2004. A new “biased coin design” for the sequential allocation of two treatments. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C 53, 651–664] is uniformly more powerful than the other “coin” designs proposed in the literature for any sample size.     

法学专业学生的能力培养实践环节刍议

法学教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分 ,如何适应建设法治国家的需要 ,培养具有较强实践能力的高素质法学专业人才 ,是广大法学教育工作者普遍关注的问题 ,也是 2 1世纪对我国法学教育改革和发展提出的要求。从法学专业人才的基本素质特征、能力要求 ,介绍对新世纪我国法学专业人才的能力培养所应抓好的案例、观看、旁听、模拟、咨询以及社会实践环节