Comparing Robust Measures of Association Estimated Via a Smoother

A classic problem is comparing Pearson's correlation corresponding to two independent groups. The article examines a generalization where the goal is to compare the groups based on a robust variation of explanatory power used in conjunction with a particular nonparametric regression method that allows curvature. If the nonparametric regression estimator is replaced by the ordinary least squares estimator, and if explanatory power is measured with the usual variance, and if the regression line is straight, the approach used here reduces to comparing Pearson's correlation. For reasons summarized in the article, Cleveland's (1979 Cleveland , W. S. ( 1979 ). Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots . Journal of the American Statistical Association 74 : 829 – 836 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) lowess estimator is used. It is found that a modified percentile bootstrap method controls Type I error probabilities reasonably well in simulations. Even when the regression line is straight, the power of the method compares well to a variation that fits a (straight) robust regression line to the data. And even under normality, using Pearson's correlation was found to provide little or no advantage in terms of power.     

On the Mean Remaining Strength of the k-Out-of-n:F System with Exchangeable Components

In this article, we consider the mean remaining strength of a k-out-of-n:F system in the stress–strength setup for the exchangeable components. We provide some results for parallel and series systems under this setup, where X₁, X₂, …, X_n are the strengths of the components designed under the common stress. An illustrative example is given for the k-out-of- n:F system using the multivariate FGM distribution.     

探析钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色的影响

钢琴音色的好坏直接影响弹奏者在弹奏技巧方面的变化,进而体现弹奏者的弹奏水平,在进行钢琴表演的过程中,弹奏者可以通过琴键的变化来实现钢琴音色的变化,而琴键的变化正是通过钢琴触键来实现的,因此,钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色有着非常大的影响。本文将从触键力度、速度、弧度以及方法等方面,全面地分析钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色的影响,以期使钢琴演奏者弹奏出更加悦耳生动的音色。     

Who’s missing out? The impact of digital networking behavior & social identity on PR job search outcomes

This study investigates how different aspects of social identity correlated with online networking and job search success. Undergraduates and recent graduates seeking public relations roles between 2020 and 2021 were surveyed (N = 355) for their early career job-seeking practices. The pre-existing lack of diversity in PR and the tendency to favor job candidates who are similar to the decision-maker means that the move to virtual relationship building and vetting may be especially impactful for diverse applicants. The results showed that networking was extremely important as over 94% of respondents found their position via networking of some sort. Respondents found roles most commonly via LinkedIn (57.5%), followed by other social media (49.9%). LinkedIn network size was positively correlated with more job offers, whereas Twitter and Facebook network sizes were insignificant. Those who identified as white used LinkedIn more and had more job offers than those who identified as BIPOC. Veterans and those receiving need-based assistance also reported having fewer job offers. This paper extends the strength of weak ties theory by demonstrating the importance of weak ties in digital networking in the PR industry. This research suggests that maintaining weak ties via LinkedIn is valuable for success in digital networking, particularly by growing a robust LinkedIn network and maintaining an active profile. Practical advice for PR educators and students illustrates how to enhance LinkedIn use to promote equity in digital networking. Moreover, the PR field may promote diversity among applicants and hires through mentoring, recruiting, and growing their own diverse digital network.     

测试英语词汇的广度、深度和强度

自98年Laufer两次进行广度结合强度的三层面英语词汇知识研究后,Laufer et al于2004年两次进行了四层面词汇知识研究,首次提出并正在进行词汇广度结合强度的计算机机测的研究工作。在词汇研究领域原有的广度和深度上,又开辟了一条新的道路。文章试讨论80年代以来国内外就测试英语词汇的广度、深度和强度的主要研究,尝试探讨这些研究对我们英语词汇测试研究与词汇学习的启示。     

关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效——基于行为视角的实证研究

大多数研究认为,善于利用社会关系网络的创业者更可能收获更高的新企业绩效,但对关系资源在促进新企业绩效中的角色并没有引起足够重视.针对这一问题,本文考察了创业者所利用的关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效之间的逻辑联系,以及资源获取行为对该作用过程的中介作用.研究发现:在创业过程中,越丰富利用关系资源的创业者更容易整合到更丰裕的创业资源,从而提升新企业绩效.尽管所利用关系强度更高的创业者往往能以更快的速度获取创业资源,但并不能确保创业者能够迅速应付创业初期的资源需求,并不会改善新企业绩效.本文的主要理论贡献在于嵌入到行为层面揭示了社会资本改善新企业绩效的作用机制及资源获取的中介作用,发现网络嵌入性资源是有助于解释新企业绩效差异的重要变量,这是对已有文献的重要补充.     

An Empirical Study of Equivalence Judgments vs. Ratio Judgments in Decision Analysis*

Two commonly used elicitation modes on strength of preference, equivalence and ratio judgments, were compared in an experiment. The result from the experiment showed that ratio judgments were less effective than equivalence judgments. Based on an iterative design for eliciting multiattribute preference structures, equivalence judgments outperformed ratio judgments in estimating single‐attribute measurable value functions, while being nearly more effective than ratio judgments in assessing multiattribute preference structures. The implications of the results from the experiment are that multiattribute decision‐making techniques should take advantage of the decision maker's inclination of making effective equivalence trade‐off judgments, and that useful techniques should be devised to incorporate different commonly used techniques, such as multiattribute utility theory and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, to elicit and consolidate equivalence trade‐off judgments.     

Bridging: Locating critical connectors in a network

This paper proposes several measures for bridging in networks derived from Granovetter's (1973) insight that links which reduce distances in a network are important structural bridges. Bridging is calculated by systematically deleting links and calculating the resultant changes in network cohesion (measured as the inverse average path length). The average change for each node's links provides an individual level measure of bridging. We also present a normalized version which controls for network size and a network-level bridging index. Bridging properties are demonstrated on hypothetical networks, empirical networks, and a set of 100 randomly generated networks to show how the bridging measure correlates with existing network measures such as degree, personal network density, constraint, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and vitality. Bridging and the accompanying methodology provide a family of new network measures useful for studying network structure, network dynamics, and network effects on substantive behavioral phenomenon.     

论中国共产党与国民党湘系地方实力派的统战关系

统战工作是中共总战略、策略思想的重要组成部分。中国共产党与国民党湘系地方实力派的统战关系,前后持续20余年。其间,既有良好的合作和顺利的发展,也有尖锐的对立和严重的挫折,但最终还是取得了圆满的结局--实现了湖南的和平解放。尽释前嫌,化敌为友,正确处理原则性与灵活性的关系,充分发挥中共上层和中下层领导在统战工作的不同作用,是中国共产党在与国民党湘系地方实力派开展统战工作中留下的宝贵经验。     

Inference about reliability parameter with gamma strength and stress

The statistical inference about the reliability parameter R involving independent gamma stress and strength is considered. Assuming the two shape parameters are known arbitrary real numbers, the UMVUE of R is obtained. The performances of the UMVUE and the MLE are compared numerically based on extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation studies indicate that the performance of the two estimators are about the same. The MLE is preferred due to its computational simplicity.