A general inverse sampling scheme and its application to adaptive cluster sampling

Not having a variance estimator is a seriously weak point of a sampling design from a practical perspective. This paper provides unbiased variance estimators for several sampling designs based on inverse sampling, both with and without an adaptive component. It proposes a new design, which is called the general inverse sampling design, that avoids sampling an infeasibly large number of units. The paper provide estimators for this design as well as its adaptive modification. A simple artificial example is used to demonstrate the computations. The adaptive and non‐adaptive designs are compared using simulations based on real data sets. The results indicate that, for appropriate populations, the adaptive version can have a substantial variance reduction compared with the non‐adaptive version. Also, adaptive general inverse sampling with a limitation on the initial sample size has a greater variance reduction than without the limitation.     

西方财政分权理论及启示

在推进市场经济发展过程中,处理好政府之间的财政关系十分重要。改善政府间财政关系,必然涉及到政府间财政权限的集中与分散的处理问题。在实行市场经济体制和分级财政体制的西方国家里,财政分权理论受到广泛重视,这些理论为建立分级财政体制和强调地方政府的职能作用提供了充分的根据和充足的理由,也为我们处理好政府间的财政关系提供了有益的启迪。     

太极拳对维护人类健康的功效

根据文献资料来分析人类面临的健康危机,谈太极拳对人体健康的积极作用。研究表明,当今人类面临的健康危机是由多方面因素造成的,而太极拳对维护人类健康却有着特殊的功效。     

对执行定位、执行不能和执行规范的法律思考

执行工作是法律赋予人民法院的职能,应严格按照民事诉讼的立法精神和立法原则展开,体现出救济性、中立性和被动性;执行不能是申请执行人对其经营风险的延续,是申请执行人应当自行承担的后果和责任;人民法院的执行工作要淡化职权色彩、强化法定程序、完善执行监督。     

论高等学校科技工作的地位与作用

高等学校科技工作具有培养社会所需的高水平的现代人才、催生科技成果的双重职能作用。因此 ,正确处理教学与科技工作的关系 ,确立科技发展的观念 ,对高校建设发展具有非常重要的意义     

一般Gauss－Markov模型下一般可估函数的线性充分性和线性完全性

发展了Ｂａｋｓａｌａｒｙ和Ｄｒｙｇａｓ提出的一般Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｍａｒｋｏｖ模型中线性充分性、最小充分性和完全性的概念，用Ｒａｏ的最小二乘统一理论，给出了这些概念的刻划定理。     

拓展服务功能,深入挖掘高校档案价值内涵

随着高校事业的发展和科技的进步,作为重要的档案资源信息库,高校档案的重要 性越来越明显。充分发挥其价值,强化服务功能成为当前高校档案工作者研究课题之一。文 章在分析高校档案特点和价值的基础上,重点阐述了高校档案馆增强档案意识,强化服务功 能,做好档案工作需要努力做到五个方面的转变。     

Uncertainty Analysis for Computer Model Projections of Hurricane Losses

Projecting losses associated with hurricanes is a complex and difficult undertaking that is wrought with uncertainties. Hurricane Charley, which struck southwest Florida on August 13, 2004, illustrates the uncertainty of forecasting damages from these storms. Due to shifts in the track and the rapid intensification of the storm, real-time estimates grew from 2 to 3 billion dollars in losses late on August 12 to a peak of 50 billion dollars for a brief time as the storm appeared to be headed for the Tampa Bay area. The storm hit the resort areas of Charlotte Harbor near Punta Gorda and then went on to Orlando in the central part of the state, with early poststorm estimates converging on a damage estimate in the 28 to 31 billion dollars range. Comparable damage to central Florida had not been seen since Hurricane Donna in 1960. The Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology (FCHLPM) has recognized the role of computer models in projecting losses from hurricanes. The FCHLPM established a professional team to perform onsite (confidential) audits of computer models developed by several different companies in the United States that seek to have their models approved for use in insurance rate filings in Florida. The team's members represent the fields of actuarial science, computer science, meteorology, statistics, and wind and structural engineering. An important part of the auditing process requires uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to be performed with the applicant's proprietary model. To influence future such analyses, an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis has been completed for loss projections arising from use of a Holland B parameter hurricane wind field model. Uncertainty analysis quantifies the expected percentage reduction in the uncertainty of wind speed and loss that is attributable to each of the input variables.     

谈桥梁的技术美

桥梁技术美已成为当前工程师日益关注的课题。理解桥梁技术的产生及其组成因素;现代桥梁设计需要设计师具有美学修养;桥梁方案的设计要有建筑师的参与,才能更好地体现桥梁内在的美学价值。     

Fuzzy K-means clustering models for triangular fuzzy time trajectories

We focus our attention on the classification of fuzzy time trajectories with triangular membership function, described by a given set of individuals. To this purpose, we adopt a fullyinformational approach, explicitly recognizing the informational nature shared by the ingredients of the classification procedure: the observed data (Empirical Information) and the classification model (Theoretical Information). In particular, by supposing that the informational paradigm has a fuzzy nature, we suggest three fuzzy clustering models allowing the classification of the triangular fuzzy time trajectories, based on the analysis of the cross sectional and/or longitudinal characteristics of their components (centers and spreads). Two applicative examples are illustrated.