企业技术创新中知识价值实现影响因素的实证研究

本研究目的在于通过实证研究确定企业技术创新中知识价值实现的关键影响因素。通过文献回顾,本文提出了企业技术创新中知识价值实现的衡量标准,构建了知识价值实现影响因素模型,并提出了10条基本假设。作者对120家企业进行了问卷调查,并运用多元回归方法分析了有效数据,结果发现学习型文化、组织距离、群体激励、知识差距和信任水平是企业技术创新中知识价值实现的关键影响因素,其中学习型文化和组织距离对目标变量影响最为显著,最后,对研究结论做了解释。     

局域网中虚拟上网及电子邮件系统平台构架

本文就局域网中虚拟上网及电子邮件系统平台建设,以满足信息化教学需求的工作实践作了阐述与分析,探讨在资金短缺、硬件条件不足、没有ISDN或MODEM的条件下,如何通过局域网进行Internet、EMAIL和文件传输FTP的教学工作,并能引用校园网的全部信息,实现信息化教育。     

Modular Network Design: Using Information and Communication Technology to Allocate Production Tasks in a Virtual Organization*

The increased interest in customer service and the trend towards customization gives rise to new organizational forms such as the virtual organization. This paper introduces the Modular Network Design (MND) approach to complement Mowshowitz' (1997) theory of virtual organization. This theory focuses on metamanagement of the virtual organization and consists of four activities: (1) determine and analyze customer requirements, (2) track the possibilities for satisfying these requirements, (3) develop and allocate production tasks among the members of the virtual organization, and (4) assess and adjust tasks and allocation procedures. The MND approach elaborates on this theory by breaking down both the requirements and the production tasks into modular entities, and by measuring the performance of the resulting virtual network in terms of operating costs and throughput time. The major contribution of the MND approach lies in its ability to support the assessment of alternative allocations of production tasks among the members of a virtual organization, using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as enabler. The assessment of such alternative designs is illustrated by an application of MND in the air cargo industry. The results show how the virtual organization and its members can realize significant improvements in operating costs and throughput times when applying ICT to link and reallocate their modular production tasks in response to customized orders.     

Information Systems Adaptation and the Successful Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies*

Few plants have initial success with advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), and adaptations are commonly required after installing new technologies. We especially know little about the outcomes of adaptations that manufacturers regularly employ in the context of AMTs. Sociotechnical theory and the technology literature suggest that AMTs commonly require four types of adaptations including those to process technologies, human resources, operational structures, and information systems. This study investigates which of these four adaptations and their interactions lead to improved operational performance. Data were collected on 104 plants that implemented a single type of manufacturing AMT. Findings indicate that information systems (IS) adaptation during the course of AMT implementation was the most important action. Surprisingly, human resource and process technology adaptations were linked to lower performance, and no interactions had any clear effects. The results also show that practitioners underestimated the relevance of IS adaptations during contemporary or “second-generation” AMT implementation projects and overemphasized the need for shop floor changes.     

A Model of the Antecedents of Perceived Ease of Use: Development and Test*

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used to predict user acceptance and use based on perceived ease of use and usefulness. However, in order to design effective training interventions to improve user acceptance, it is necessary to better understand the antecedents and determinants of key acceptance constructs. In this research, we focus on understanding the determinants of perceived ease of use. Data from three experiments spanning 108 subjects and six different systems supported our hypothesis that an individual's perception of a particular system's ease of use is anchored to her or his general computer self-efficacy at all times, and objective usability has an impact on ease of use perceptions about a specific system only after direct experience with the system. In addition to being an important research issue in user acceptance research, understanding antecedents of perceived ease of use is also important from a practical standpoint since several systems in which millions of dollars are invested are rejected because of poor user interfaces. Moreover, the actual underlying problem might be low computer self-efficacy of the target user group. In such cases, training interventions aimed at improving computer self-efficacy of users may be more effective than improved interface design for increasing user acceptance.     

Critical Success Factors for Strategic Alliances in the Information Technology Industry: An Empirical Study*

Intense competition in the marketplace is forcing organizations to examine different ways by which they could enhance or retain their competitive edge. Strategic alliance is one such option through which an organization can leverage its resources to emerge as an effective competitor. Such alliances are burgeoning in the information technology industry, which is characterized by rapid change and short innovation cycles. Successful management of alliances has proved to be very elusive for the most part, and there is a lack of theoretical and empirical work in this area. Literature on critical factors was synthesized, and then a parsimonious set of critical factors was identified using a combination of interview and survey methodologies. Our study has implications for both practice and future research.     

两次鸦片战争前后清朝制炮技术研究

制炮技术包括材质、设备和工艺三大方面。两次鸦片战争前后,清朝铁炮材质以白口铸铁为主,此对制造技术和质量影响很大;处在封建手工生产方式主宰下的清朝火器界主要用泥模铸炮法铸造火炮,生产效率低,加工精度不高;复合金属炮的制造方法未得到广泛推行,早于欧洲的铁模铸炮技术限于部分新铸的铁炮使用。技术与社会两方面原因导致了清朝制炮技术与英国等西方列强存在着较大的差距。     

计算机信息技术课程教学质量保证体系的建立与实践

为提高教学质量,借鉴ISO9000企业贯标与认证的思想,根据教育部相关指导文件的要求,建立了计算机信息技术课程教学质量保证体系,并依据该体系的要求,在课程的教材、题库、教学手段和方法以及考试方式等方面加强了建设与改进。     

Productive organizational energy mediates the impact of organizational structure on absorptive capacity

The ability of an organization to cope with radical technological change is regarded to be heavily dependent on its ability to absorb and apply knowledge from its environment. This study investigates the role of organizational structure in driving absorptive capacity and uncovers the role of the emergent phenomenon of organizational energy as the enabler of this relationship. A field study was conducted among firms that are challenged by the disruptive nature of Cloud computing. Our results show that organizational design affects the degree of mobilization of an organization's affective, cognitive and behavioral resources, which in turn influence the effectiveness of learning processes related to the absorption and exchange of knowledge within the organization. Furthermore, they reveal the positive relationship between the enactment of absorptive capacity and the successful adoption of Cloud technology for incumbent firms. The findings contribute to our understanding of the micro-foundations of absorptive capacity and how positive organizational phenomena facilitate effective adoption and implementation of emerging technologies.