论西藏的信息化建设

近几年来,西藏自治区的信息化建设有了较大发展,但是由于地处偏远地区,经济相对落后,西藏的信息化建设同内地其他地区还存在较大差距,在信息化建设方面也存在不少问题。文章从三个部分对西藏信息化建设的现状、信息化建设存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法和策略进行了详细的阐述。     

Risk,Process Maturity,and Project Performance: An Empirical Analysis of US Federal Government Technology Projects

In recent years, there has been increasing pressure on the US federal government to reduce spending and improve the management of its technology projects. Mitigating the adverse impact of risks on the performance of these projects presents a significant challenge for its stakeholders. Our research examines this challenge in two steps. First, we identify and define a set of salient risks in federal technology projects—specifically, complexity risk and contracting risk in the planning process, and execution risk in the execution process. Next, we investigate whether higher levels of process maturity, assessed by the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework, mitigate the negative effect of project risks on project performance. The analysis of time‐series data collected from 82 federal technology projects across 519 quarterly time periods indicates that each of the three types of risks has a significant negative effect on project performance. This finding highlights the practical significance of managing these risks in the federal technology project context. Further, we find that increasing levels of process maturity attenuate the negative effect of project risks on the performance of federal technology projects. However, the attenuation effects are consequential only at high levels of project risks; at low levels of project risk, increasing levels of process maturity can adversely affect project performance. To demonstrate the financial implications of increasing process maturity levels in federal technology projects, we examine the magnitude of project cost savings (and overruns) across different levels of CMMI and project risks. In summary, our study contributes to the sparse literature on public sector operations by addressing the understudied context of federal technology projects, and provides a nuanced examination of the implications of process maturity in managing the risk to performance relationship in such projects.     

高校实训基地：传承大学文化助力高校发展--基于西南交通大学现代工业技术培训中心历史回顾

一部高校发展史就是一部高校文化的发展史,高校发展的历史轨迹都打上了文化的烙印,并以文化的形式呈现出来。现代工业技术培训中心,作为西南交通大学的实训基地,在近百年的发展历程中,处处反映了西南交通大学这所百年老校所经历的岁月沧桑,构成了西南交通大学特有的实践文化内涵。细细梳理西南交通大学现代工业技术培训中心的发展史,不仅有利于凝练和发掘西南交通大学的文化内涵,也有利于激励新一代中心人为西南交通大学的跨世纪腾飞续写新的篇章。     

高等教育大众化阶段工科大学数学教育改革研究

高等教育大众化促进工科大学数学教育的改革,工科大学数学教育要处理好精英教育与大众化教育的关系,更好地满足高等教育大众化的要求。结合新形势下大学数学教育的特点,提出了若干工科大学数学教育的改革措施。     

以科学态度对待管理科学

科学枝术是第一生产力的“付学技术”是指广义的科学技术,其中理应包括管理。因为狭义的科学技术、具体的科学发明、技术创新成果只有经过组织、协调才能形成生产力,而后者则属管理的职能。但管理除了具有职能作用外,还必须包括从事理论上的研究,探索具有中国特色的管理理论,以指导实践。才能从根本上提高我国管理水平并发展根植于我国实践的管理科学。     

信息技术采用对关系治理的影响:投入专用性的调节效应研究

随着信息技术在供应链中的广泛应用,企业间的竞争合作已成为供应链成员生存和发展的战略选择,供应链合作伙伴关系治理越来越重要,制造商和供应商通过联合行动共同应付投入专用性等带来的问题,从而促进双方的合作。文章在分析和总结前人研究成果基础上,重点探讨信息技术采用对企业间关系治理的影响,以及在企业信息化过程中投入专用性和信任的调节作用,并运用来自海峡西岸经济区制造商和供应商的调研数据,利用基于调节效应的结构方程模型进行实证研究表明,在联合行动过程中,信任的调节作用显著,在事前的联合计划阶段,投入专用性的调节作用显著,而在后期的联合解决问题阶段,投入专用性的调节作用并不显著,为企业在信息系统采用过程中处理各种资产的专用性投入提供一些理论上的借鉴和实践上的启示。     

论北京理工大学文化特色

文章以北京理工大学为对象，论述了其具有的延安精神和军工文化特色，以及这两大特色形成的历史渊源和发展过程，指出一所大学在其发展中的代表性人物和所经历的标志性事件与大学文化特色的形成所具有的关系，为大学文化特色的孕育和发展提供了理论依据。     

Lot Splitting in Unbalanced Production Systems*

This research investigates the impact of lot splitting in unbalanced production systems, under a variety of experimental conditions. Scheduling policies specifically designed for use in the presence of a long-term bottleneck, a condition frequently encountered in practice, are developed and tested. Results indicate that when steps are taken at nonbottleneck work centers to capitalize on capacity imbalances through increasing the number of setups and, hence, the variety of products produced, shop effectiveness is improved. The results also indicate that scheduling policies that tend to increase the size of the average process batch retard the overlapping of operations, which is critical to the success of the lot-splitting methodology in reducing flow time. Finally, it is shown that increasing capacity at nonbottleneck work centers along with implementation of effectiveness-oriented scheduling polices leads to improved shop performance.     

Intermediate Performance Impacts of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Systems: An Empirical Investigation*

A large-scale random sample is used to empirically examine the relationships between implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) and three organization-level measures that have historically been attributed to AMT, but not fully tested along the AMT spectrum: market-oriented flexibility of the production process, organizational integration of production processes, and administrative intensity of the organization. Results indicate that as an organization moves along the technology scale from stand-alone AMT (e.g., CNC machines) through functionally oriented AMT (FMS and CAM) toward CIM, not only do its production processes become more integrated with each other, but those processes become more integrated with other functional systems of the organization, and the quality and timeliness of production information increase. Furthermore, this relationship becomes stronger as companies increase their level of implementation for the latter two technologies. Conversely, market-oriented flexibility decreases and administrative intensity is not observed to change as companies move along the technology spectrum. Future research should examine how organizational redesign and implementation strategies that accompany AMT implementation can concomitantly enhance organizational integration of the production process and market-oriented flexibility.     

A Note on Interpersonal and Communication Skills for IS Professionals: Evidence of Positive Influence

A recent article by Byrd and Turner (2001) reported that interpersonal skills on the part of information systems personnel had a negative influence on the success of systems as measured by competitive advantage. Several reasons were forwarded to account for this unexpected result, including lack of richness in the measure of these skills, the use of strategic success measures, the true complexity of interpersonal relations within an organization, and the sample of CIOs who may have a bias in favor of technical skills. We address these concerns by incorporating a set of communication skills into the interpersonal skills set, sampling users for a different set of stakeholders, and employing a more complex model based on theories of expectation. The results indicate that the impacts of interpersonal skills on system success is not a simple function of the perceived level of the IS staff's skill proficiency but is also determined by the understood expectations of skill requirements.