More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

存在战略购买需求的定价、供给、机制选择和配给研究

本文研究存在战略购买需求的易逝资产销售策略问题。垄断厂商基于利润最大化目标确定易逝资产定价、供给、机制选择和配给策略,战略消费者通过锚定预期价格安排战略购买时机。不同于通常基于效用理论研究定价的思路,本文首先基于锚定效应和跨期价格均衡思想探寻不同战略等待购买规模的市场预期需求曲线和动静态定价区域;其次在众多预期需求曲线中寻找市场有效定价前沿（即有效预期需求曲线）;再次在利润曲面上找出与有效定价前沿对应的容量扩展线（即最大利润曲线）;最后沿容量扩展线和有效定价前沿搜寻最大期望利润及相应策略。研究表明,消费者保留价异质和需求不确定性是动态定价和战略购买存在的根本原因;市场在不同战略等待购买规模状态拥有不同预期需求曲线,最大战略等待购买规模状态预期需求曲线是市场有效定价前沿。动静态定价机制各有其所适用的容量和价格空间,消费者保留价水平和战略消费者规模决定动态定价空间大小,随机需求分布差异只影响动态定价空间形状（即影响需求弹性）。在跨期价格均衡区域内,提价和扩容都会加剧消费者战略购买程度,供给越大定价往往越低。战略购买不仅会降低厂商供给、定价和利润水平,改变不同类型消费者之间高低价购买机会,甚至还可能影响定价机制选择和配给策略。压缩过度供给和虚高价格空间可降低战略购买导致的利润损失。本文研究结果可为考虑消费者行为的需求价格理论研究和运营管理实践提供参考。     

基于SRFML-Lift的流程制造产品质量状态监测

对流程制造型企业而言,产品质量状态的监测精度直接影响了企业的生产与运营成本。面对流程工业的多变量监测要求和数据不均衡性,以往研究主要采取局部建模策略或多输出模型,存在特征选择偏差和分类精度不高的问题。对此,本文设计了一种结合SRFML特征选择和Lift学习策略的质量状态监测模型,通过共享不同目标之间的信息以期提升模型的监测效果。首先,根据ReliefF过滤机制,引入重采样赋权思想对工业特征的选择过程进行优化(SRFML);然后,将选择结果作为Lift学习框架的输入,通过类属属性学习方式重塑各待监测特性的特有关联属性;最后采用多个SVM分类器进行训练,得到各目标的质量状态结果。结果表明,本文构建的SRFML-Lift充分学习了原始特征的关键信息,与其他组合策略相比,对质量状态的监测效果更佳,可应用于流程工业的生产管理实践。     

基于“学习领导”理念的幼教名师工作室建设现状与对策

：强调以学习为核心的学习领导为理解与支持幼儿园教师学习与专业发展提供了一种全新的、系统的视角。在学习领导 理念下,幼教名师工作室应积极构建发展愿景;坚持持续对话,产生共识行动;引导建立安全、鼓励尝试的氛围;发挥行政力量 构建和完善幼教名师工作室运行机制。     

新时代党政干部学 习教育常态化制度化的若干思考

新时代党政干部学习教育常态化制度化是遵循执政能力提升规律的必然选择、应对意识形态领域斗争的战略需要以及形塑百年大党光辉形象的内在要求。常态化制度化推进党政干部学习教育在样态上突出日常化与规范性、方式上注重理论性与实践性、过程中彰显适宜度与有序性、效果上具有针对性与可持续等基本特征。党政机关主管部门要从把握常态化制度化学习教育内外张力、构建常态化制度化学习教育制度体系、保障常态化制度化学习教育资源供给、加强常态化制度化学习教育监督考核、完善常态化制度化学习教育评价激励等方面入手,确保学习教育常态化制度化推进,切实提升党政干部治国理政的能力和素养。     

双元学习关系、平衡及绩效研究综述

双元学习作为企业获取和创新知识的一种有效方式,是提升企业竞争能力、促进企业可持续发展的关键。通过回顾国内外学者对双元学习的研究,从双元学习的内涵与关系、双元学习平衡的实现方式及其影响因素、双元学习的绩效效果四个方面进行了综述,认为现有研究在研究的层次、维度、视角和方法等方面有待进一步拓展和深入。未来应开展多层次与跨层次的双元学习研究,加强不同理论视角的结合,整合各领域相关研究成果,进一步揭示双元学习内涵与关系的独特性;重视从动态研究视角,深挖影响双元学习平衡的不同层面各因素间的相互关系及其作用机制,提高对情境因素的重视程度,进一步探讨双元学习平衡的实现路径;拓展组织绩效维度,开展双元学习影响组织绩效的权变因素研究,剖析不同条件下双元学习对不同绩效影响的差异。     

当代科技翻译工作者职业发展的挑战和对策

近代以来,科技翻译有力推动了我国的科技发展和社会进化,在民族复兴的新征程中,科技翻译事业仍有重要意义。在当今科技进步与社会变迁对科技翻译职业带来诸多挑战的背景下,探讨了当代科技译者面临的职业难题与对策,以及科技译者应具备的专业素养。青年译者宜利用好新技术,产出更优质的成果,并调整职业规划,将翻译与专业方向相结合,成长为复合型人才,以翻译为核心竞争力胜任多种专业工作。为应对科技文献的新特点,优秀译者需具备坚实的翻译能力基础、充分的专业知识储备和基本的翻译理论素养。同时,译者还可培养编辑、写作等能力和专业敏感度、跨学科视野等综合素质,从而满足职业融合的需要。     

Can we rationally learn to coordinate?

In this paper we examine the issue whether individual rationality considerations are sufficient to guarantee that individuals will learn to coordinate. This question is central in any discussion of whether social phenomena (read: conventions) can be explained in terms of a purely individualistic approach. We argue that the positive answers to this general question that have been obtained in some recent work require assumptions which incorporate some convention. This conclusion may be seen as supporting the viewpoint of institutional individualism in contrast to psychological individualism.     

我国企业学习取向的初步研究

组织学习取向的研究有助于理解和改善组织学习过程,从而提升组织学习能力。实证研究得出我国企业有五个学习取向:知识来源、学习效果、学习幅度、学习投入、传播形式。我国企业在各个学习取向上都不太极端,都采取比较折衷的学习方式;但是也存在着比较偏重于内部开发知识、渐进式的学习取向、侧重群体学习的特点。我国企业学习风格可以称之为不断改良型和实践共同体型(community of practice:即非正式的、集体学习实践)。     

Early experiences of mentoring: Design and use of multimedia materials for teaching OR/MS

The MENTOR project, based at the University of Strathclyde, is producing multimedia computer based learning materials with the aim of improving both the effectiveness and the efficiency of teaching Operational Research/Management Science in higher education. The process of development has been carefully designed to encourage ownership of and commitment to the materials amongst lecturing staff in Universities, with the aim of ensuring widespread use. The paper outlines this process of development and design of materials. Experiences in introducing students to the use of these materials as an integrated part of a Management Science class are reported. Feedback from students has been very positive but also indicates the need for ongoing support and direction.