The sensitivity of income polarization

This study looks at polarization and its components’ sensitivity to assumptions about equivalence scales, income definition, ethical income distribution parameters, and the income accounting period. A representative sample of Danish individual incomes from 1984 to 2002 is utilised. Results show that polarization has increased over time, regardless of the applied measure, when the last part of the period is compared to the first part of the period; primary causes being increased inequality (alienation) and faster income growth among high incomes relative to those in the middle of the distribution. Increasing the accounting period confirms the reduction in inequality found for shorter periods, but polarization is virtually unchanged, because income group identification increases. Applying different equivalence scales does not change polarization ranking for different years, but identification ranks are affected. The welfare state considerably reduces income polarization and inequality, but at the expense of some more identification.      

Identifying the most successful dose (MSD) in dose-finding studies in cancer

For a dose finding study in cancer, the most successful dose (MSD), among a group of available doses, is that dose at which the overall success rate is the highest. This rate is the product of the rate of seeing non-toxicities together with the rate of tumor response. A successful dose finding trial in this context is one where we manage to identify the MSD in an efficient manner. In practice we may also need to consider algorithms for identifying the MSD which can incorporate certain restrictions, the most common restriction maintaining the estimated toxicity rate alone below some maximum rate. In this case the MSD may correspond to a different level than that for the unconstrained MSD and, in providing a final recommendation, it is important to underline that it is subject to the given constraint. We work with the approach described in O'Quigley et al. [Biometrics 2001; 57(4):1018-1029]. The focus of that work was dose finding in HIV where both information on toxicity and efficacy were almost immediately available. Recent cancer studies are beginning to fall under this same heading where, as before, toxicity can be quickly evaluated and, in addition, we can rely on biological markers or other measures of tumor response. Mindful of the particular context of cancer, our purpose here is to consider the methodology developed by O'Quigley et al. and its practical implementation. We also carry out a study on the doubly under-parameterized model, developed by O'Quigley et al. but not     

浅析李奎报对中国古代诗歌创作的审美风格论

“体”一词 ,是李奎报诗论最为重要的审美范畴。“体”这个概念在李奎报诗论中有两种含义 :一者 ,指“诗作法” ;二者 ,指“艺术风格”。李奎报的诗歌审美评价 ,对中国当代文学吸收外国文学遗产的过程中具有借鉴意义     

家庭承包经营体制的创新与土地的适度规模经营

土地集约化、规模化经营是我国农业生产发展的必然趋势.随着生产力的提高和宏观环境的变化,土地家庭承包制的缺陷也开始显现.所以,在国家政策法律支持下进行家庭承包经营体制的创新发展,采取不同的模式加速土地的集中和规模化经营,是提高我国农业劳动生产力,增加农民收入的主要方向.     

背越式跳高运动员训练过程中恐惧心理的产生原因与克服方法

从跳高运动员的主观状态、客观因素、教练员的焦虑问题三个方面对背越式跳高训练过程中运动员恐惧心理的产生原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的克服方法和建议,为背越式跳高理论和训练提供参考。     

谈变动成本法的应用

就变动成本法与财务成本核算实现合二为一核算体制———实行单轨核算,进行研究,提出一套行之有效的核算办法,这将有利于企业责任成本的落实和实施,减轻会计人员的工作量;有利于企业生产经营的短期预决策,提高应对市场的快速反映能力。     

非线性回归分析的一种有理逼近

利用有理插值逼近回归函数,把最小二乘法和插值技术结合起来,充分利用已知信息,达到最佳逼近,通过实例,获得了很好的效果。     

谈日语口译教学

由于历史原因 ,目前国内日语界一直认为口译是笔译的附庸变体 ,因此对口译的研究较笔译要滞后得多。要改变这种状况 ,必须从观念上改变这一看法 ,确立口译的独立地位 ,完善口译的理论 ,提高对口译课的认识和对口译教学法的重视。     

运用权威对话法正确引导网络舆情

网络已经成为重要的传播媒介和政府了解社情民意的重要渠道,但同时,在网络舆情的传播中也存在着各种问题.科学运用权威对话法,搭建权威对话网络平台,及时发布权威信息,长期有组织地进行权威对话,对于引导网络舆情、了解民意、凝聚和振奋民心具有重要的作用.     

论当前我国制度供给现状及制度变迁方式的转换

制度变迁方式的不同,制度结构也就会有差别。需求诱致制度变迁的长期使用可能会出现核心制度缺失而导致制度供给陷阱,强制性制度变迁也可能因为供给与需求出现错位,导致严重的制度结构不均衡,这就对研究制度变迁方式及其运用规律提出了要求。本文通过对典型的需求诱致制度变迁———农业经济体制改革和典型的强制性制度变迁———国有企业制度改革进行实证分析,表明了制度变迁方式的交替使用能够较好地避免制度供给跌入陷阱,而且制度变迁的及时转换还能够有效地实现新的制度均衡。