血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C在老年2型糖尿病患者早期肾功能损害诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）在老年2型糖尿病患者早期肾功能损害诊断中的价值。方法将45例平均年龄83岁2型糖尿病住院患者,采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C,同时检测血清肌酐（Scr）、血清尿素氮（Bun）、尿肌酐（Ucr）,β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）,推算肌酐清除率（Ccr）,比较两组患者Bun、Scr、Ccr、CysC、β2-MG,两组各检验方法阳性率结果比较。结果两组患者Bun、Scr、Ccr、CysC、β2-MG之间有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;在糖尿病组,CysC法阳性率为55．5％,Ccr法阳性率为86．7％,β2-MG法为60％（P〈0．001）,CysC法与β2-MG法阳性率接近。CysC与Scr、Ccr、β2-MG的相关性分析有统计学意义。结论CysC能够及早发现糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的变化,对其早期的诊断有意义,是一个有价值的指标。     

禽流感及其对经济的影响

人们对禽流感(Avian Influenza)的研究已有100多年的历史,全世界已经历了12次大流行,范围波及许多国家和地区。禽流感病毒有多种亚型,迄今已初步测得H5N1、H7N1、H7N7等高致性禽流感毒株的基因序列。全球已报道至少183起高致病性禽流感发病,其中H5N1亚型引起的禽流感发病率和死亡率都较高,危害巨大。禽流感病毒的肆虐给全球经济造成了至少150亿美元的损失,也不可避免地给我国经济造成了至少600亿人民币的损失,禽流感疫情的继续和蔓延,使得世界经济前景不容乐观。通过对历史上发生的禽流感、病原体亚型及造成的经济损失等进行了回顾和统计分析,并初步探讨了对我国经济的影响。     

回归“人间”的词话——被误读的《人间词话》

人们对王国维“无我之境”的阐释往往脱离《人间词话》这一文本语境,以中国古代传统的思想观念或是西方理论资源为指引灯甚至为目标,断章取义地进行生发,而忽视了王国维《人间词话》的原文表述和总体审美取向。笔者认为解释文本不能完全以解释者的“先见”来代替或歪曲文本语境以及作者本人的思想和生存境域,对《人间词话》还原式解读可以帮助我们切实地理解王国维的“无我之境”和“有我之境”说。回到文本本身才是文艺美学研究的正确方法。     

沃勒斯坦与布罗代尔视野中的资本主义

世界体系理论主要代表人物沃勒斯坦与年鉴学派第二代宗师布罗代尔对资本主义有许多共识 ,都将资本主义置于世界范围去考察 ,并对资本的含义、资本主义的产生和发展进行了论述。本文力图透过他们的视野介绍他们对资本主义的认识     

“我怀疑故我在”与“我思故我在”之区别

奥古斯丁的“我怀疑故我在”与笛卡尔的“我思故我在”这两个命题的共同之处是无需质疑的,但是它们之间的区别也是确实存在的。二者的区别主要表现在：论证的出发点、“我”的含义和论证的目的三个方面。明确这三个方面的区别将有助于我们掌握奥古斯丁教父哲学和笛卡尔哲学思想的实质。     

中国FDI区域性差异的MoranI指数分析

中国的外商直接投资呈现出东、中、西部区域非均衡分布的特征,已成为影响中国地区经济差异的重要因素。通过引入Moran I指数,文章分析了中国FDI的区域聚集效应。在此基础上,借助邓宁的区位特定优势理论,通过建立面板数据模型,分析了中国FDI区域差异性的动态原因,并将其归结为数量因子和质量因子的影响。外资流入东部地区的原因是其质量因子的区位优势,并且质量因子在后期超越了数量因子成为东部地区吸引FDI的主要因素,而中西部地区吸引FDI的主要区位优势还是其数量因子。因此,中国在外资政策导向上更应注重对"质"的把握,实现从数量型FDI到质量型FDI的转变。     

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Personality: Assessing Knowledge Profiling and the Work Preference Inventory in a Thai Population

Abstract

Personality trait theories are often used to identify particular personality or behavioural characteristics of potential employees by human resource management departments. However, this can be enhanced by understanding how motivation plays a role in personality, and particularly within the context of knowledge-based personality processes. The paper draws on knowledge management theory called Knowledge Profiling (KP) in which a theoretical construct has been developed representing personality through a set of three traits and their polar values. This model has previously been linked to the trait theory of personality called Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This research adopts KP, develops its linkage with MBTI, and elaborates on its connection with motivation. The resulting model, referred to as Knowledge Profiling Motivational (KPM) model, is developed by connecting it with the Work Preference Inventory (WPI), which assesses individual differences in Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivational orientations. Analysis indicates that KPM is an improvement on the KP model in representing personality. Moreover, the research suggests that personality traits are not limited to a bipolar relationship but that there are relationships between traits as well.     

Unifying CRM and EWOC designs for phase I cancer clinical trials

The main goal of phase I cancer clinical trials is to determine the highest dose of a new therapy associated with an acceptable level of toxicity for the use in a subsequent phase II trial. The continual reassessment method (CRM) [O’Quigley, J., Pepe, M., Fisher, L., 1990. Continual reassessment method: a practical design for phase I clinical trials in cancer. Biometrics 46, 33–48] and escalation with overdose control (EWOC) [Babb, J., Rogatko, A., Zacks, S., 1998. Cancer phase I clinical trials: efficient dose escalation with overdose control. Statist. Med. 17 (10), 1103–1120] are two model-based designs used for phase I cancer clinical trials. A few modifications of the (original) CRM and EWOC have been made by many authors. In this paper, we show how CRM and EWOC can be unified and present a hybrid design. We study the characteristics of the approach of the hybrid design. The comparisons of the three designs (CRM, EWOC, and the hybrid design) are presented by convergence rates and overdose proportions. The simulation results show that the hybrid design generally has faster convergence rates than EWOC and smaller overdose proportions than CRM, especially when the true maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is above the mid-level of the dose range considered. The performance of these three designs is also evaluated in terms of sensitivity to outliers.     

Identifying the most successful dose (MSD) in dose-finding studies in cancer

For a dose finding study in cancer, the most successful dose (MSD), among a group of available doses, is that dose at which the overall success rate is the highest. This rate is the product of the rate of seeing non-toxicities together with the rate of tumor response. A successful dose finding trial in this context is one where we manage to identify the MSD in an efficient manner. In practice we may also need to consider algorithms for identifying the MSD which can incorporate certain restrictions, the most common restriction maintaining the estimated toxicity rate alone below some maximum rate. In this case the MSD may correspond to a different level than that for the unconstrained MSD and, in providing a final recommendation, it is important to underline that it is subject to the given constraint. We work with the approach described in O'Quigley et al. [Biometrics 2001; 57(4):1018-1029]. The focus of that work was dose finding in HIV where both information on toxicity and efficacy were almost immediately available. Recent cancer studies are beginning to fall under this same heading where, as before, toxicity can be quickly evaluated and, in addition, we can rely on biological markers or other measures of tumor response. Mindful of the particular context of cancer, our purpose here is to consider the methodology developed by O'Quigley et al. and its practical implementation. We also carry out a study on the doubly under-parameterized model, developed by O'Quigley et al. but not     

Adaptive phase I/II clinical trials for drug combination assessment in oncology using the outcomes of each cycle

Many new anticancer agents can be combined with existing drugs, as combining a number of drugs may be expected to have a better therapeutic effect than monotherapy owing to synergistic effects. Furthermore, to drive drug development and to reduce the associated cost, there has been a growing tendency to combine these as phase I/II trials. With respect to phase I/II oncology trials for the assessment of dose combinations, in the existing methodologies in which efficacy based on tumor response and safety based on toxicity are modeled as binary outcomes, it is not possible to enroll and treat the next cohort of patients unless the best overall response has been determined in the current cohort. Thus, the trial duration might be potentially extended to an unacceptable degree. In this study, we proposed a method that randomizes the next cohort of patients in the phase II part to the dose combination based on the estimated response rate using all the available observed data upon determination of the overall response in the current cohort. We compared the proposed method to the existing method using simulation studies. These demonstrated that the percentage of optimal dose combinations selected in the proposed method is not less than that in the existing method and that the trial duration in the proposed method is shortened compared to that in the existing method. The proposed method meets both ethical and financial requirements, and we believe it has the potential to contribute to expedite drug development.