A Copula‐Based Non‐parametric Measure of Regression Dependence

Abstract. This article presents a framework for comparing bivariate distributions according to their degree of regression dependence. We introduce the general concept of a regression dependence order (RDO). In addition, we define a new non‐parametric measure of regression dependence and study its properties. Besides being monotone in the new RDOs, the measure takes on its extreme values precisely at independence and almost sure functional dependence, respectively. A consistent non‐parametric estimator of the new measure is constructed and its asymptotic properties are investigated. Finally, the finite sample properties of the estimate are studied by means of a small simulation study.     

Testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis

In this paper we consider testing that an economic time series follows a martingale difference process. The martingale difference hypothesis has typically been tested using information contained in the second moments of a process, that is, using test statistics based on the sample autocovariances or periodograms. Tests based on these statistics are inconsistent since they cannot detect nonlinear alternatives. In this paper we consider tests that detect linear and nonlinear alternatives. Given that the asymptotic distributions of the considered tests statistics depend on the data generating process, we propose to implement the tests using a modified wild bootstrap procedure. The paper theoretically justifies the proposed tests and examines their finite sample behavior by means of Monte Carlo experiments.     

Continuous-Time Stochastic Processes with Cyclical Long-Range Dependence

This paper introduces continuous‐time random processes whose spectral density is unbounded at some non‐zero frequencies. The discretized versions of these processes have asymptotic properties similar to those of discrete‐time Gegenbauer processes. The paper presents some properties of the covariance function and spectral density as well as a theory of statistical estimation of the mean and covariance function of such processes. Some directions for further generalizations of the results are indicated.     

场独立与场依赖认知风格在语言学习和教学中的意义

在第二语言习得中,场独立与场依赖这两种认知风格受到人们的关注。探讨场独立与场依赖的研究对语言学习与教学的意义,其目的在于对语言教学的提高提出一定的建议。     

农户分化、乡土依赖与集体收益分配权退出

基于3个农村改革试验区716个农户的微观数据,实证分析农户分化、乡土依赖对农户集体收益分配权退出意愿的影响。结果表明,农户的不断分化并未提高其集体收益分配权退出意愿,分化程度较高的农户更倾向于继续持有集体收益分配权,土地、宅基地的退出对集体收益分配权退出意愿未产生显著影响,但对所在村的心理依赖水平有着显著的反向影响,即在集体收益分配权的退出中,对其退出意愿产生影响的更多是农户对乡土的心理依赖,而非现实依赖。这要求在进一步探索中,既要有改革的紧迫感,完善退出机制,引导符合条件的农户理性退出集体收益分配权,也要有历史的耐心,充分尊重农户的乡土情结。     

清代天山南部维吾尔社会的“燕齐地亩”

清代天山南部的“燕齐”制度与蒙元时期高昌畏兀儿地区ind jü(引者)制度有历史继承性,有相同之处。“燕齐”制度可从“燕齐地亩”与“燕齐农民”两方面来考察。文章主要探讨了燕齐地亩的相关问题。     

Accelerated life regression modelling of dependent bivariate time‐to‐event data

To analyze bivariate time‐to‐event data from matched or naturally paired study designs, researchers frequently use a random effect called frailty to model the dependence between within‐pair response measurements. The authors propose a computational framework for fitting dependent bivariate time‐to‐event data that combines frailty distributions and accelerated life regression models. In this framework users can choose from several parametric options for frailties, as well as the conditional distributions for within‐pair responses. The authors illustrate the flexibility that their framework represents using paired data from a study of laser photocoagulation therapy for retinopathy in diabetic patients.     

Nonparametric estimation of the lower tail dependence λL in bivariate copulas

The lower tail dependence λ_L is a measure that characterizes the tendency of extreme co-movements in the lower tails of a bivariate distribution. It is invariant with respect to strictly increasing transformations of the marginal distribution and is therefore a function of the copula of the bivariate distribution. λ_L plays an important role in modelling aggregate financial risk with copulas. This paper introduces three non-parametric estimators for λ_L. They are weakly consistent under mild regularity conditions on the copula and under the assumption that the number k = k(n) of observations in the lower tail, used for estimation, is asymptotically k ≈ √n. The finite sample properties of the estimators are investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation in special cases. It turns out that these estimators are biased, where amount and sign of the bias depend on the underlying copula, on the sample size n, on k, and on the true value of λ_L.     

纠缠在利用与依赖之间的性别修辞--对消费时代女性小说的一种解读

物化作为消费时代女性小说的一大叙述主题,揭示了女性自我与身体、物质与精神的多重权力关系。它昭示了一种消费性性别伦理形态的存在,并直接叩问其性别意识形态的根本立场问题。从女性主体出发的性别“利用”行为在后现代消费社会中其实是对父权制的另一种性别依赖。     

句子的独立性

句子的独立性是划分句法结构是否能够独立存在的最基本的标准。独立句在转换为非独立句的过程中 ,其句法功能不同 ,则转换方式不同