涉外网络侵权法律适用规则探析

传统的侵权法律适用规则在互联网环境下正面临着巨大挑战。2011年《涉外民事法律适用法》对涉外网络侵权案件法律适用有了些许规定,然目前仍存在如法律规定不统一法律适用不一致;有关法律术语的含义不明确;最密切联系原则在侵权法律适用上缺位等问题,网络技术不断更新、侵权案件的复杂性要求我们必须重新审视这些传统规则和对涉外民事法律适用法的新规定作出新的思考。因此,涉外网络侵权法律适用原则应调整定位;《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第46条和第50条也应给予适当的修改。     

Economic and economic statistical design of T 2 control chart with two adaptive sample sizes

The Hotelling's T ² control chart, a direct analogue of the univariate Shewhart X¯ chart, is perhaps the most commonly used tool in industry for simultaneous monitoring of several quality characteristics. Recent studies have shown that using variable sampling size (VSS) schemes results in charts with more statistical power when detecting small to moderate shifts in the process mean vector. In this paper, we build a cost model of a VSS T ² control chart for the economic and economic statistical design using the general model of Lorenzen and Vance [The economic design of control charts: A unified approach, Technometrics 28 (1986), pp. 3–11]. We optimize this model using a genetic algorithm approach. We also study the effects of the costs and operating parameters on the VSS T ² parameters, and show, through an example, the advantage of economic design over statistical design for VSS T ² charts, and measure the economic advantage of VSS sampling versus fixed sample size sampling.     

Information borrowing methods for covariate‐adjusted ROC curve

In medical diagnostic testing problems, the covariate adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have been discussed recently for achieving the best separation between disease and control. Due to various restrictions such as cost, the availability of patients, and ethical issues quite frequently only limited information is available. As a result, we are unlikely to have a large enough overall sample size to support reliable direct estimations of ROCs for all the underlying covariates of interest. For example, some genetic factors are less commonly observable compared with others. To get an accurate covariate adjusted ROC estimation, novel statistical methods are needed to effectively utilize the limited information. Therefore, it is desirable to use indirect estimates that borrow strength by employing values of the variables of interest from neighbouring covariates. In this paper we discuss two semiparametric exponential tilting models, where the density functions from different covariate levels share a common baseline density, and the parameters in the exponential tilting component reflect the difference among the covariates. With the proposed models, the estimated covariate adjusted ROC is much smoother and more efficient than the nonparametric counterpart without borrowing information from neighbouring covariates. A simulation study and a real data application are reported. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 569–587; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada     

On sum composition of fractional factorial designs

Combinatorial extension and composition methods have been extensively used in the construction of block designs. One of the composition methods, namely the direct product or Kronecker product method was utilized by Chakravarti [1956] to produce certain types of fractional factorial designs. The present paper shows how the direct sum operation can be utilized in obtaining from initial fractional factorial designs for two separate symmetrical factorials a fractional factorial design for the corresponding asymmetrical factorial. Specifically, we provide some results which are useful in the construction of non-singular fractional factorial designs via the direct sum composition method. In addition a modified direct sum method is discussed and the consequences of imposing orthogonality are explored.     

风险调整后的资本收益率在信用风险管理中的应用

信用风险管理是银行战略决策的重要基础。通过事前计提每笔信贷资产的风险成本,提出了基于风险调整后的资本收益率的信贷质量管理模式。本模式利用每笔贷款的违约概率估计其对应的风险成本,通过预提风险金的方法,将信用风险的价值与利润考核结合起来,反映贷款的实际收益状态。这将会有助于银行管理者提前控制未来可能出现的风险,并在规避风险和拓展业务两者间求得平衡。     

The behrens‐fisher problem revisited: A bayes‐frequentist synthesis

The Behrens‐Fisher problem concerns the inference for the difference between the means of two normal populations whose ratio of variances is unknown. In this situation, Fisher's fiducial interval differs markedly from the Neyman‐Pearson confidence interval. A prior proposed by Jeffreys leads to a credible interval that is equivalent to Fisher's solution but it carries a different interpretation. The authors propose an alternative prior leading to a credible interval whose asymptotic coverage probability matches the frequentist coverage probability more accurately than the interval of Jeffreys. Their simulation results indicate excellent matching even in small samples.     

势流函数正交网格生成方法

基于流函数和势函数自然正交的数理特性,采用有限元法直接求解流函数和势函数方程,生成正交网格.结果表明,所生成的网格具有正交性好和网格疏密易于调整的优点,尤其是对于复杂几何区域流场的计算更显优越性.     

论环境法的调整对象

对环境法调整对象的研究应该首先界定人与环境关系的内容、种类及其相互关系,然后再界定在此基础上产生的人与人之间的环境社会关系。人与环境的关系可以概括为人对环境的利用关系。从人类利用环境的目的出发,并结合环境外在价值类型,人对环境的利用表现为两类,即本能性利用与开发性利用。作为环境法调整对象的社会关系可以称为环境利用关系,主要包括两个方面：一是各类环境利用人之间由于环境利用而产生的关系;二是由于国家对环境利用的介入而形成的国家和环境利用人之间的社会关系。     

On confidence intervals associated with the usual and adjusted likelihoods

In the presence of nuisance parameters, we drive an explicit higher order asymptotic formula to compare the expected lengths of confidence intervals given by likelihood ratio statistics arising from the usual profile likelihood and various adjustments thereof. Highest posterior density regions, with approximate frequentist validity, are also included in the study.     

Inference for domains under imputation for missing survey data

The authors study the estimation of domain totals and means under survey‐weighted regression imputation for missing items. They use two different approaches to inference: (i) design‐based with uniform response within classes; (ii) model‐assisted with ignorable response and an imputation model. They show that the imputed domain estimators are biased under (i) but approximately unbiased under (ii). They obtain a bias‐adjusted estimator that is approximately unbiased under (i) or (ii). They also derive linearization variance estimators. They report the results of a simulation study on the bias ratio and efficiency of alternative estimators, including a complete case estimator that requires the knowledge of response indicators.