弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫小说文本经典性的生成机制重释评骘

在英国现代小说理论的发展史上,弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的"文本经典性"观念一直是国内外文评界常说常新的议题。这一涉及小说结构原则的核心创作理念侧重于将语言实验的认识论视角伸向由无数印象片断构成的重要瞬间的幽暗意识深处,认为人类最真实的生存状态才应是小说文本理应捕捉的"重要时刻"。她的文本生成观体现了小说艺术的持久力和生命意识的情感化,这种开放的唯美主义思维模式引领了当今西方文论建设的新方向,同时也给物欲横流的迷茫的现代人类带来了更多的生命启示和生活希冀。     

Estimating Allele Frequencies and Inbreeding Coefficients in K-Allele Models

Some of the methods of estimation of allele frequencies and inbreeding coefficients in a K-allele model are examined. A result that has long been assumed to be true is proved. That is, in the presence of inbreeding, the maximum likelihood estimators of the allele frequencies and of the inbreeding coefficient f do not in general equal their observed (or sample) values (except when K = 2). A least-squares way of looking at the estimation problem is presented, and simulations are used to compare the three types of estimators (sample, maximum likelihood, and least-squares) in a 3-allele model. Probability generating functions are used to derive exact expressions for the bias of the sample estimator of f in a 2-allele model for any sample size, and those biases are calculated for a number of situations. Finally, an approximately unbiased estimator of the inbreeding coefficient when an allele is rare or common is proposed, and its bias is compared with that of the sample estimator and with that of an estimator proposed by Weir (1996 Weir , B.S. ( 1996 ). Genetic Data Analysis 2 . Sinauer Associates , Sunderland , MA . [Google Scholar]).     

变分原理与耗损体系的运动方程

在Hamilton原理I=integral from n=t_1 to t_2(Ldt)础上,将Hamilton作用量加以改造并作为阻尼系统的积分量定义了一个“积分原理”,由此导出了质点耗损运动的Lagrange方程、Hamilton运动方程,并定义了正则变换。     

ALL THE GAUSSIAN WHITE NOISE SERIAL COVARIANCE MOMENTS TO ORDER FOUR

Using a recursive method, we obtain all the cumulants, central moments, and moments about zero, up to order 4, for the mean-corrected serial covariances from series realisations of length n, given a Gaussian white noise process. Some implicit higher order results are also derived.     

On statistical transform methods and their efficiency

General conditions for the asymptotic efficiency of certain new inference procedures based on empirical transform functions are developed. A number of important processes, such as the empirical characteristic function, the empirical moment generating function, and the empirical moments, are considered as special cases.     

当代视野中的大众文化现象解读

大众文化是市场经济条件下依据商业效益原则和全球性文化互动大规模“制造”的产物,它在当代的生成具有深远影响。只有洞悉它生成的语境,领会其内涵的“为何”,才能明晰它的“何为”,才能提示大众文化研究中的“错位”意识,并对大众文化现象作出适当评判。     

Supply chain multi-state risk assessment using universal generating function

Abstract

This paper proposes a new approach to assess the supply risk beyond the classical binary assumption of either delivering the whole quantity or not. Given today’s stochastic nature of supply and the dynamic nature of demand, the different supply activities along with the chain exhibit a multi-state behaviour increasing the complexity of their risk assessment. The new approach utilizes the universal generating function (UGF) to model the different suppliers’ echelons with their various supply risk levels along all the stages of the supply chain as a multi-state risk system. The developed model was successfully implemented to assess the supply risk in a multi-state strawberry supply chain and outperformed classical approaches. Results from the case study and the validation analysis illustrated the ability of the new approach to capture the various supply levels with their associated risks leading to more informative risk assessment process. Furthermore, the developed model improved the visibility for the purchasing managers downstream in terms of the different trade-offs between supply levels and their risks as well as some financial thresholds. The new multi-state approach contributes to the emerging supply chain risk assessment trend by offering a more realistic modelling method to capture the risk of all available supply levels along the delivery chain.     

Algorithmic and analytical construction of efficient designs in small blocks for comparing consecutive pairs of treatments

Optimal block designs in small blocks are explored under the A-, E- and D-criteria when the treatments have a natural ordering and interest lies in comparing consecutive pairs of treatments. We first formulate the problem via approximate theory which leads to a convenient multiplicative algorithm for obtaining A-optimal design measures. This, in turn, yields highly efficient exact designs, under the A-criterion, even when the number of blocks is rather small. Moreover, our approach is seen to allow nesting of such efficient exact designs which is an advantage when the resources for the experiment are available in possibly several stages. Illustrative examples are given and tables of A-optimal design measures are provided. Approximate theory is also seen to yield analytical results on E- and D-optimal design measures.     

孤单的词典与语篇的翻译--论词典词汇信息生成活用翻译实践

词本无义,义随人生;词典词义,翻译增创。实际上,词典是翻译与词汇意义信息的结合产物,这是翻译教学工作者和翻译初学者都不能忽视的。翻译教学实践,需要引导学生借助《牛津》和《朗文》两部(双解)词典词义由语篇翻译而生成活用,使他们在翻译实践过程中会用、勤用、多用、善用词典,让词典所承载的信息在相关翻译方法处理的支持下能够最大限度地发挥作用。