资本下乡真的能促进“三农”发展吗？

从推进农村社会良性发展的视角分析资本下乡对“三农”发展的影响机制,资本下乡存在政策推力、农村拉力和内生动力三重生成机制。政府层面对工商资本的角色期待是促进农村发展,但研究发现遭遇资本下乡的村庄却出现阶层再造、农业质变、村庄虚化以及“三农”发展“内卷化”的意外后果。资本下乡的实践运作逻辑背离政策文本愿景的根本原因在于工商资本作为一种外来的组织方式侵入村庄,排斥了结构松散的农民,消解了村庄内生力量,因此要摆脱“三农”发展的结构性困境,必须建立多种类型的农民合作组织,增强农民的自我组织能力和自我发展能力,将工商资本纳入农村发展体系。     

论审美对象的发生机制

研究审美对象的发生机制,首先要阐明审美对象发生的三个重要环节,即:人的主体地位的确立,人的感性的解放以及物作为形象的显现。其中,人的主体地位的确立是审美对象发生的前提,人的感性的解放是审美对象发生的中介,而物作为形象的显现则标志着审美对象的完成。     

一类组合计数问题

考察了满足一定限制条件的长度为ｎ具有ｍ个水平的数列计数问题，给出了它们的递归式和显表达式；改进了钥匙编码组合计数中的一个结果并得到几个组合恒等式     

Flexibility and regularity properties of the asymptotically ideal production model

This paper uses simulations to investigate the ability of the Asymptotically Ideal Model(AIM) to approximate unknown technologies. AIM was proposed by Barnett and Jonas (1983) as an expansion which could approximate any indirect utility or cost function arbitrarily well at all prices. By applying AIM to simulated data, we fmd a significant improvement in prediction by higher orders of AIM relative to the generalized Leontief and the translog. The largest error in approximating some CES technologies with AIM is 125 times smaller than that of the generalized Leontief and we find a translog approximation error 1000 times that of AIM in others. We also fmd that non-negativity constraints used by Barnett, Geweke, and Wolfe (1991) to impose concavity on the model greatly restrict the flexibility of AIM, even when all the inputs are substitutes.     

Approximate theory of multiway block designs

Optimality properties of multiway block designs are deduced from the general results of J. Kiefer's approximate-design theory. In the model with additive effects these optimality properties solely depend on the two-dimensional marginals of the designs. Uniform designs, and designs whose two-dimensional marginals are products of the one-dimensional marginals, are shown to be optimal. Approximate Youden designs are introduced for the case when the support sets of the two-dimensional marginals are prescribed in advance. They are optimal in a relatively small class of competing designs only.     

略论佛教中国化与中国传统文化的发展

佛教中国化的过程,是对传统儒道文化的批判过程;但是,由于受到汉语语言及其传统文化体系的广泛影响,佛教中国化的最终完成也是受到了儒道文化在思维取向上的深刻影响。     

一个三阶拟线性方程解的局部存在性

本文应用半群无穷小生成算子稳定族所构造的发展系统讨论较广一类Kdv方程Cauchy问题解的局部存在性。     

一般约束优化问题的摄动梯度投影法

利用梯度投影法与罚函数技巧，将带等式和不等式约束优化问题化成一个无约束问题，提出了求解不等式、等式约束优化问题的摄动梯度投影算法。考虑到计算的误差因素，在搜索方向上进行摄动，得到一个方向不精确的梯度投影法。参数δｋ取不同的数还可以得到一类梯度投影法。从而保证了在实际应用中更容易实现，在较弱的条件下，证明了该算法的全局收敛性。     

Approximate Bayesian Inference in Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Abstract.  In this paper we propose fast approximate methods for computing posterior marginals in spatial generalized linear mixed models. We consider the common geostatistical case with a high dimensional latent spatial variable and observations at known registration sites. The methods of inference are deterministic, using no simulation-based inference. The first proposed approximation is fast to compute and is 'practically sufficient', meaning that results do not show any bias or dispersion effects that might affect decision making. Our second approximation, an improvement of the first version, is 'practically exact', meaning that one would have to run MCMC simulations for very much longer than is typically done to detect any indication of error in the approximate results. For small-count data the approximations are slightly worse, but still very accurate. Our methods are limited to likelihood functions that give unimodal full conditionals for the latent variable. The methods help to expand the future scope of non-Gaussian geostatistical models as illustrated by applications of model choice, outlier detection and sampling design. The approximations take seconds or minutes of CPU time, in sharp contrast to overnight MCMC runs for solving such problems.     

Optimal Method for Realizing Two-Sided Inferences About a Linear Combination of Two Proportions

In order to reach the inference about a linear combination of two independent binomial proportions, various procedures exist (Wald's classic method, the exact, approximate, or maximized score methods, and the Newcombe-Zou method). This article defines and evaluates 25 different methods of inference, and selects the ones with the best behavior. In general terms, the optimal method is the classic Wald method applied to the data to which z ² _α/2/4 successes and z ² _α/2/4 failures are added (≈1 if α = 5%) if no sample proportion has a value of 0 or 1 (otherwise the added increase may be different).

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation to view the free supplemental file.