"李约瑟之迷"的文化求解

文化作为社会存在的一种形式,有着鲜明的独立性.她通过"潜移默化"的方式塑造着人们的文化品格.正是这只看不见的"文化之手"的强力作用,才使得近代科学技术没有从处于世界领先地位的中国古代文明中演绎出来.缕析影响科学技术发展的传统文化因素,对于摒弃落后观念、营造符合时代要求的科技文化,提高全民族的科学文化素质,促进我国重新回到世界科技强国的行列,有着积极的理论意义和现实意义.     

Sponsor-Imposed Publication Restrictions Disclosed on ClinicalTrials.gov

We investigated whether sponsor-imposed publication restrictions for ClinicalTrials.gov trials were reasonable, based on consistency with Good Publication Practice 2 (GPP2). ClinicalTrials.gov trial record data were electronically imported (October 7, 2012) and screened for eligibility (phase 2–4, interventional, recruitment closed, results available, first received for registration after November 10, 2009, any sponsor type, investigators not sponsor employees). Two authors categorized restrictions information as consistent or not consistent with GPP2, resolving discrepancies by consensus. Of the eligible trials (388/484, n = 81,768 participants), 80.7% (313/388) had restrictions disclosed, and 92.5% (311/388) were industry-sponsored. Significantly more trials had restrictions that were consistent with GPP2 than not (74.1% [232/313], n = 55,280 participants vs. 25.9% [81/313], n = 19,677 participants; P < .001). Reasons for inconsistency were insufficient, unclear, or ambiguous information (48.1%, 39/81), sponsor-required approval for publication (35.8%, 29/81), sponsor-required text changes (8.6%, 7/81), and outright bans (7.4%, 6/81). Follow-up of trials with insufficient information and a contact email (response rate, 46.9% [15/32]) revealed 2 additional bans. A total of 776 participants had consented to trials that had publication bans. Many, but not all, sponsor-imposed publication restrictions disclosed on ClinicalTrials.gov may be considered reasonable. Sponsors should ensure restrictions are appropriately disclosed. Volunteers should be alerted to any restrictions before consenting to participate in a clinical trial.     

以色列农业教育对陕西农业发展的启示

以色列高度重视教育,创办高水平大学,落实教育立国理念,教育经费足额投入,国民素质普遍提高,学习型社会业已形成。以色列国家领导人了解农业特别重视农业教育,高水平的农学院和农业研究机构促进农业的快速发展。陕西与以色列在教育科研和农业资源方面有相似之处,陕西是教育大省,农业科研实力强,陕西可学习借鉴以色列的经验,在农业发展中必须重视农业科学研究与农业生产和管理的紧密结合,重视提高农民的农业素质和现代农业意识,重视农业发展与环境保护基础上的农业可持续发展。     

《二十四诗品》再检讨

在宋、元及明中叶以前<二十四诗品>源流难讨,真相莫明,既然如此,我们就不仅有理由怀疑和考证此书是否司空图所作,而且也有理由怀疑和考证此书是否一定就是诗学著作.<二十四诗品>不符合唐宋时期诗评体的普遍风尚,作为论诗诗,这种四言诗体在中国诗学史上很难梳理出它的形成和承传的脉络.作者认为:<二十四诗品>本来未必是诗学著作;所谓"二十四诗品"及各品标目,皆有可能系他人妄加.     

"非之中"与"在之中"——维特根斯坦和海德格尔主体思想比较

维特根斯坦主体思想的重要特点就是使主体界限化,由此形成了一种特殊的主体形式--界限主体.界限主体具有"非之中"的逻辑机制,"非之中"是"非世界之中"的逻辑结构,"非之中"不是"在之外","非世界之中"也不是"在世界之外",它仅仅意味着"不在世界之中",它是世界的界限.界限主体具有否定性和"零位"特征,是一种外在的超越机制,它是逻辑哲学主体思想发展到极致而出现的一种形态,进一步发展就走向了它的反面--"在之中"主体,即主体"在世界之中".这种主体是一种内在的超越机制,海德格尔的此在就是一种"在之中"的主体形式.从"非之中"到"在之中"的过程反映了当代哲学从逻辑世界到生活世界的转变.     

试论以科学发展观统领大学的发展

科学发展观不仅是我国当前经济建设和社会发展的重要指导方针,也是我国高等教育发展的指导方针。在科学发展观的指导下,当前我国的大学建设要着重统筹处理好发展速度与核心竞争力、人才队伍建设与人文环境建设、传统优势学科与新兴学科、发展规模与提高质量、内部资源与外部资源等方面的关系。这样,我国的高等教育才可能实现高水平的全面、和谐、可持续的发展。     

人格:中国传统审美心理学的解读

通过中国传统审美心理学这一承载中国传统文化独特风韵的视角,可对人格问题做一全新解读:一方面,"以心为本"深刻揭示了中国传统审美心理学的人格本质;另一方面,"儒道互补"则极好地展示出中国传统审美心理学的人格模式.     

宋懋澄尺牍的文化透析

宋懋澄是晚明尺牍巨子.他对晚明尺牍小品的兴起与发展均有开山之功.从内容方面看,其尺牍小品明显体现于三个方面:宗教哲理的思辨和调适、摆脱羁绁的努力与挣扎、狂夫之狂的追摹与自恋.宋懋澄的尺牍小品,表现出独特的价值取向和审美特征,是深具"晚明习气"的文学典范.     

对外汉语词典编纂中的语用原则

从语言理解最佳关联的角度,可以看到对外汉语词典编纂中的不足主要是:词条解释过于生僻;汉英解释和英汉解释不一致;义项选择区别性不强;文化意义阐释不足;示例不够浅近、典型,书面语过多,时代色彩过于陈旧;例句过少或缺失;例句未按语法分布特点编排;词典的规模过小;例句的趣味性、针对性不强等.必须有针对性地制定相应的语用对策,解决这些问题.     

Thirty-Five Years After Stonewall: An Exploratory Study of Satisfaction with Police Among Gay,Lesbian, and Bisexual Persons at the 34th Annual Atlanta Pride Festival

ABSTRACT

The gay rights movement began in the summer of 1969 when gay men rioted against police for raiding a bar known as the Stonewall Inn. In the succeeding 35 years, very little research has explored the relationship between police organizations and gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered (GLBT) communities. The purpose of this study is to describe the attitudes that GLBT persons currently hold toward police. Subjects were sampled from the 34th Annual Atlanta Pride Festival and asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Of the 179 GLBT participants, the vast majority reported high satisfaction with community policing practices at this event. Moreover, age, household income, victimization, security presence, and identification with gay-themed media significantly predicted attitudes toward police.