大学英语多项选择考试模式面临挑战

大比例多项选择考试模式在大学英语四、六级考试中己实施多年 ,它对推动我国的外语教育功不可没。但在我国的国情发生了巨大变化、整个国家正朝着国际化社会快速发展、社会各界急需实用型外语人才的今天 ,多年不变的大比例多项选择考试模式己经显示出它的不足。特别是IELTS;ESOL等国际实用性测试模式不断引入我国 ,它的确面临着改进和完善的挑战。     

A simple procedure for the selection of significant effects

Summary.  Given a large number of test statistics, a small proportion of which represent departures from the relevant null hypothesis, a simple rule is given for choosing those statistics that are indicative of departure. It is based on fitting by moments a mixture model to the set of test statistics and then deriving an estimated likelihood ratio. Simulation suggests that the procedure has good properties when the departure from an overall null hypothesis is not too small.     

英语写作常模测试的高信度评估体系

本文讨论了英语写作测试的性质、继续存在的必要性以及英语写作常模测试在测试信度上面临的两难局面 ,建议采用一套计算机化的分列—多维度评估体系作为英语写作测试的评分方法 ,以提高英语写作常模测试分数的信度     

关于规范普通话水平测试工作的思考

规范普通话水平测试工作 ,必须健全制度 ,建设好管理人员和测试人员队伍 ,并做好普通话培训、考务管理、测试等具体工作环节     

我校非英语专业语言测试现状与改革策略

指出了当前本校非英语专业英语语言测试中存在的问题,并具体分析了这些问题存在的原因。旨在推动本校语言测试的改革,使之更好地为我校英语教学服务,提高本校英语水平。     

论“中国国家海洋战略”——对一个治理未来发展问题的思考

已经到了一个必须对“国家海洋战略”进行重新审视、梳理和设计的时候,这是因为,中国对海洋战略的重视程度离挑战引发的需求还有不少差距。“国家海洋战略”是一个复杂概念,它由水球战略、全球战略、综合战略、统一战略、科技战略、重点战略和教育战略等七个子战略构成。其中既涉及思路问题,又关联建构问题。这是一个国家和政府治理未来发展问题必须给予重视的构想,因而需要整体设计。     

An alternative to model selection in ordinary regression

The weaknesses of established model selection procedures based on hypothesis testing and similar criteria are discussed and an alternative based on synthetic (composite) estimation is proposed. It is developed for the problem of prediction in ordinary regression and its properties are explored by simulations for the simple regression. Extensions to a general setting are described and an example with multiple regression is analysed. Arguments are presented against using a selected model for any inferences.     

Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing: Modeling the Adoption of Innovative Social Control Practices

Few researchers have examined organizational variation in the adoption of workplace drug testing, but innovation theory suggests that adoption is more likely when it is compatible with an organization's values, previously introduced ideas, and needs. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey, this research models the effects of organizational compatibility, industry, and establishment size on the adoption of drug testing. The data reveal that compatibility, as measured by an organization's rules orientation, presence of an employee assistance program, and mechanization, is associated with the adoption of drug testing. As predicted, the adoption of drug testing varies across industries and by establishment size.     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.