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11.
Peter Hall Qiwei Yao 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2003,65(2):425-442
Summary. We develop a general methodology for tilting time series data. Attention is focused on a large class of regression problems, where errors are expressed through autoregressive processes. The class has a range of important applications and in the context of our work may be used to illustrate the application of tilting methods to interval estimation in regression, robust statistical inference and estimation subject to constraints. The method can be viewed as 'empirical likelihood with nuisance parameters'. 相似文献
12.
讨论了二阶非线性常微分方程(α(t)(?)(x)x′)′+q(t)f(x)=r(t)的解的振动性和渐近性.获得了有关该方程的五个新的定理. 相似文献
13.
Low dose risk estimation via simultaneous statistical inferences 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Walter W. Piegorsch R. Webster West Wei Pan Ralph L. Kodell 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2005,54(1):245-258
Summary. The paper develops and studies simultaneous confidence bounds that are useful for making low dose inferences in quantitative risk analysis. Application is intended for risk assessment studies where human, animal or ecological data are used to set safe low dose levels of a toxic agent, but where study information is limited to high dose levels of the agent. Methods are derived for estimating simultaneous, one-sided, upper confidence limits on risk for end points measured on a continuous scale. From the simultaneous confidence bounds, lower confidence limits on the dose that is associated with a particular risk (often referred to as a bench-mark dose ) are calculated. An important feature of the simultaneous construction is that any inferences that are based on inverting the simultaneous confidence bounds apply automatically to inverse bounds on the bench-mark dose. 相似文献
14.
Jerald F. Lawless 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2004,32(3):327-331
Oiler, Gomez & Calle (2004) give a constant sum condition for processes that generate interval‐censored lifetime data. They show that in models satisfying this condition, it is possible to estimate non‐parametrically the lifetime distribution based on a well‐known simplified likelihood. The author shows that this constant‐sum condition is equivalent to the existence of an observation process that is independent of lifetimes and which gives the same probability distribution for the observed data as the underlying true process. 相似文献
15.
Donald B. Rubin 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2004,31(2):161-170
Abstract. The use of the concept of ‘direct’ versus ‘indirect’ causal effects is common, not only in statistics but also in many areas of social and economic sciences. The related terms of ‘biomarkers’ and ‘surrogates’ are common in pharmacological and biomedical sciences. Sometimes this concept is represented by graphical displays of various kinds. The view here is that there is a great deal of imprecise discussion surrounding this topic and, moreover, that the most straightforward way to clarify the situation is by using potential outcomes to define causal effects. In particular, I suggest that the use of principal stratification is key to understanding the meaning of direct and indirect causal effects. A current study of anthrax vaccine will be used to illustrate ideas. 相似文献
16.
数学证明中的推理问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汤光霖 《中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)》2003,5(4):25-30
演绎推理和非演绎推理经常被运用到数学证明中。二者的共同之处在于:都是从前提推出结论、从已知达于未知;非演绎推理除归纳法之外,与演绎推理一样,只要前提都真,结论必真。不同之处在于:演绎推理从前提到结论之间的推理是逻辑推理,而非演绎推理的推理过程则是根据具体问题进行具体分析;演绎推理的前提与结论之间的关系必然能被数理逻辑的逻辑演算中的形式定理所反映,非演绎推理的前提与结论间的关系则不能;演绎推理对应着一个演绎推理规则,非演绎推理则无对应的推理规则。 相似文献
17.
Summary Weak disintegrations are investigated from various points of view. Kolmogorov's definition of conditional probability is critically
analysed, and it is noted how the notion of disintegrability plays some role in connecting Kolmogorov's definition with the
one given in line with de Finetti's coherence principle. Conditions are given, on the domain of a prevision, implying the
equivalence between weak disintegrability and conglomerability. Moreover, weak sintegrations are characterized in terms of
coherence, in de Finetti's sense, of, a suitable function. This fact enables us to give, an interpretation of weak disintegrability
as a form of “preservation of coherence”. The previous results are also applied to a hypothetical inferential problem. In
particular, an inference is shown to be coherent, in the sense of Heath and Sudderth, if and only if a suitable function is
coherent, in de Finetti's sense.
Research partially supported by: M.U.R.S.T. 40% “Problemi di inferenza pura”. 相似文献
18.
Conditions for Non-confounding and Collapsibility without Knowledge of Completely Constructed Causal Diagrams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we discuss several concepts in causal inference in terms of causal diagrams proposed by Pearl (1993 , 1995a , b ), and we give conditions for non-confounding, homogeneity and collapsibility for causal effects without knowledge of a completely constructed causal diagram. We first introduce the concepts of non-confounding, conditional non-confounding, uniform non-confounding, homogeneity, collapsibility and strong collapsibility for causal effects, then we present necessary and sufficient conditions for uniform non-confounding, homegeneity and collapsibilities, and finally we show sufficient conditions for non-confounding, conditional non-confounding and uniform non-confounding. 相似文献
19.
语篇理解过程及其心理机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从认知心理学、心理语言学角度讨论了语篇理解的过程及其心理机制。首先从命题、推断、局部与整体连贯三个层次上讨论了语篇理解的认知过程 ;然后从认知构件、认知理解模式对认知结构的模拟以及语篇处理过程中的资源限制三个维度论述了语篇理解的心理机制。文章最后指出 ,语篇理解研究的进一步深化取决于研究方法的改进和研究领域的拓展 相似文献
20.
针对配送运作成本关键部分棗平均运距作出的估计,在车辆路径问题渐进最优理论的基础上,建立了一个平均运作成本最优的规划模型,从经济的角度对运作策略作了简要分析。与其他规划模型不同,新建模型考虑了平均水平的概率特性及众多实际因素,因而具有较好的实用性。 相似文献