学术生态环境研究及治理设计——以科研评价和项目自动评价为例

以科研评价和项目自动评价为基础，研究和治理学术生态环境成为亟待解决的问题。综合运用哲学、社会学、政治、经济学、AI等多学科研究方法研究学术生态环境污染和破坏，得出其根源在于非学术共同体冗员的隐型入侵、无效的学术、秩序的破坏（数字道德的缺失、人的价值和信任系统的破坏）、知识壁垒。提出学术生态环境、“新中产阶层”定义，以及通过项目自动评价智能平台构建和社会职能设计、学术建制重塑，利用项目自动评价进行学术生态环境治理。     

基于共同前沿框架下我国各省份大气环境污染效率研究

如何治理雾霾，已经成为一个世界性的话题。无论是较早步入工业化进程的英国、美国和日本这样的发达国家，亦或是像墨西哥、伊朗、蒙古等发展中国家，都曾经或正在面临严重的空气污染问题。我国同样面临着随着工业化与城镇化的不断推进，复合型的大气污染问题日益严重。研究了我国30个省份在2006年到2013年的面板数据，得出我国整体大气环境污染效率为0.623，整体处于较低的水平，且有很大的提升空间，地区差异显著。     

农业市场化、农业现代化与环境污染

农业市场化、农业现代化与环境污染的关系可归结为3种效应:一是直接效应,农业市场化水平越高,农业要素的配置效率越高,引起的环境污染越少;二是中介效应,农业市场化促进农业现代化发展,农业现代化又影响环境污染;三是间接效应,农业现代化影响环境污染,农业市场化会加重或减弱这种影响。利用2007—2011年中国30个地区的面板数据检验上述3种效应。研究发现:农业市场化对环境污染的直接效应和间接效应都是存在的,农业现代化的中介效应尚未显现。结果表明:农业现代化水平的提高并未降低环境污染,反而恶化了环境质量;而农业市场化不仅有利于降低农业污染,还会减弱农业现代化对环境的恶化,在两型农业建设中发挥着积极作用。     

清洁能源的开发利用与我国的对策

非再生能源的消费对环境的危害与非再生能源的日益减少,推动了清洁能源的开发与应用。针对近年来西方发达国家对清洁能源的开发,分析了新能源技术的发展原因,提出了我国发展清洁能源的一些建议。     

长江经济带水污染协同治理测度及优化对策研究

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视长江经济带的水污染治理。水的流动性决定了流域治理是系统工程，任何主体的单独行动都不能从根本上解决水污染问题，必须实现上下游的协同共治。构建包含利益激励机制、监管机制和协调合作机制的长江经济带水污染协同治理系统，利用复合系统协调度模型对长江经济带的水污染治理协同度进行测算。研究发现，长江经济带水污染存在整体协同治理能力较弱、区域联动机制不完善不成熟等问题，主要表现为流域区域利益激励机制差异大、监管机制整体重视程度不足、协调合作机制缺乏持续性等。基于此，提出优化长江经济带水污染协同治理水平的建议，具体包括构建利益激励机制、完善监督管理机制、建立长期持续的协同机制。     

颗粒污染源排放浓度和粒径的在线测量技术

大量煤炭的直接燃烧使我国大气呈煤烟型污染,许多城市空气中的总颗粒悬浮物(TSP)指标长期居高不下,不仅影响到人民群众的身体健康,还一定程度上制约了我国国民经济的可持续发展. 近年来,我国政府颁布实施了“污染物排放总量控制”的战略方针,但已有的环保检测方法无法满足这一形势发展的需要. 光散射法无需抽气取样,可以连续地进行在线测量,并直接给出以mg/m3计的烟尘浓度以及颗粒的平均粒径大小,为每个污染源排放总量的测量创造了前提条件.     

“围、追、堵、截”:太湖水污染非点源化背景下的治理难点

从污染源的空间管理技术、污染排放责任主体的识别技术、污染排放总量的分解控制技术、污染物的转化技术等4个角度,总结了当前太湖水污染治理的特点:“围、追、堵、截”。认为太湖水污染的“非点源化”导致治理对象的转移,从根本上改变了治理结构,使得原有的治理点源污染的措施越来越难以取得理想效果。从治理观念、治理条件、治理主体和制度措施等层面,提出太湖水污染治理应从工程治理转向社会治理。     

The military imprint: The effect of executives’ military experience on firm pollution and environmental innovation

This study focuses on military experienced executives (CEO and chairman) and their effect on two types of firm environmental strategy: firm pollution and environmental innovation. From the perspective of imprinting theory, we find that executives with military imprint, which, so we argue, instills a sense of following rules and stewardship for the collective, negatively relate to firm pollution and positively relate to firm environmental innovation. The strength of military imprint at its formation is shaped by whether focal executives had a military officer rank. In addition, working in an environment with strong pro-military culture sustains and even strengthens the military imprint. Analyses of data from 6,664 firm-year observations of heavily polluting industries from Chinese listed firms between 2013 and 2017 largely support our hypotheses (see Table 4 for overview of various tests). Overall, our efforts of extending imprinting theory to leadership literature suggest that the imprinting effect of military experience persists in executives’ decision-making processes. Furthermore, this study contributes to imprinting research by emphasizing the importance of considering imprint formation and imprint persistence.     

Multilevel causal attributions on transboundary risk: Effects on attributions of responsibility,psychological distance,and policy support

This study used two randomized experiments in a prospective design (Study 1 N = 297, Study 2 N = 296) to examine how multilevel causal attribution dimensions (internal vs. external to an individual or a country) shape domestic and foreign policy support to counter transboundary risk. Results from Study 1 and 2 showed that external-country (vs. internal-country) causal attribution reduced perceptions of internal-country attributions of responsibility, which had a cross-lagged effect on support for domestic-industry policies to mitigate the risk. In contrast, perceptions of external-country attributions of responsibility increased support for foreign policies in a 2-week follow up. This study offers theoretical insights into the demarcation of multilevel causal attribution dimensions in studying media framing effects. It also highlights some important causal mechanisms of how media frames shape public support for policies aimed at transboundary risk mitigation.     

轴流通风机比A声级噪声限值的探讨

论证了现行JB/TQh341-84部颁标准中用比A声级限值来判定轴流通风机噪声特性的不准确性,并提出了A声级限值标准及对高压大流量轴流通风机应采取的降噪措施。