Wealth Holdings and Portfolio Allocation of the Elderly: The Role of Marital History

This paper investigates the role of marital history in terms of explaining differences in wealth holdings and portfolio allocation of older individuals by studying data from the first wave of Health and Retirement Study which was conducted in 1992. The results generally suggest that both men and women suffer from the negative shocks of past marital dissolutions in terms of household wealth accumulation. The significance level, however, differs across currently married couples, single males, and single females. The examination of the asset components of net worth also indicates that both the probability of owning a particular asset and the fraction of wealth allocated to that asset might vary depending on the elderly individuals’ marital history.

A stratified unrelated question randomized response model using Neyman allocation

This paper applies stratified random sampling using Neyman allocation to Mangat et al. (1992 Mangat, N.S., Singh, R., Singh, S. (1992). An improved unrelated question randomized response strategy. Cal. Stat. Assoc. Bull. 42:277–281.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) unrelated question randomized response (RR) strategy for both completely truthful reporting and less than completely truthful reporting. It is shown that, for the prior information given, our new model is more efficient in terms of variance (in the case of completely truthful reporting) and mean square error (in terms of less than completely truthful reporting) than Kim and Elam's (2007 Kim, J.M., Elam, M.E. (2007). A stratified unrelated question randomized response model. Stat. Papers 48:215–233.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) model. Numerical illustrations and graphs are also given in support of the present study.     

Operational Risk in Financial Services: A Review and New Research Opportunities

We present a framework to describe and analyze operational risk in financial services from an operations management perspective, focusing in particular on process design, process management, and human behavior aspects. The financial services industry differs from other service industries in ways that affect the nature of the operational risks it is subject to. In recent decades, many books and papers have focused on operational risk in financial services; however, this literature has focused mainly on the conceptual and statistical aspects of operational risk management and not on its operational aspects. Operational risk in financial services has not received much attention from the operations management community. The framework presented here is based on the premise that operational risk in financial services can reap significant benefits from research done in the theory and practice of operations management in manufacturing industries as well as in other services industries. The objective of this study is to propose particular challenges and questions raised in the practice of operational risk management that may stimulate future research in this particular area of operations management.     

China and global internet governance: toward an alternative analytical framework

Drawing on historical methods, this study assesses the conventional “cyber-sovereignty” framework, which has been used to capture and interpret China’s stance toward global Internet governance. This framework focuses on political control and tends to reduce China’s policies to the attempts by an authoritarian state to elevate governments and intergovernmental organizations to be the only legitimate governors of global cyberspace. As it traces the evolution of China’s relationship with the global Internet in the past three decades, the study demonstrates that China’s stance is more complex than the prevalent framework allows and that it is both built upon and different from the US-centric, market-oriented Internet governance scheme. This study recognizes the inadequacy of the conventional framework and invokes a theory of critical political economy of communication, thereby offering an alternative model to explicate the complex power dynamics behind China’s changing strategies. The alternative model advanced in this study is based on the understanding of China’s evolving approach as the product of multifaceted interactions among a group of power-holders that include both state agencies and business units on the transnational level.     

基于最大收益的无线虚拟网络重映射算法

针对无线环境的动态性及虚拟网络请求到达与离开的随机性,使得物理网络负载分布不均衡,导致后续请求的接受率降低的问题,提出一种无线网络虚拟化中的两阶段重映射算法（two stages reconfiguration scheme for wireless network virtualization,TR-WNV）。该算法通过第1个阶段选出合适的虚拟网络进行重映射,接着在第2个阶段按照优先级对已选出的虚拟网络进行重映射,并根据离散度来判断每次映射效果。最后,通过仿真对算法进行验证,结果表明该算法在保证虚拟网络请求收益最大化同时,有效提高了虚拟网络请求接受率,实现整个底层网络的负载分布均衡。     

基于土地增值的城中村改造利益分配研究

土地增值是城中村改造的经济支撑,城中村改造的焦点是土地增值利益分配问题。本文通过分析城中村土地增值的影响因素,指出影响城中村土地增值的显著原因是位置变化与外部性影响。在对西安市城中村问卷调查的基础上,提出组建长期利益分享联盟是解决土地增值利益分配问题的有效途径,是完成城中村改造的关键。     

论北魏自耕农的贫困

自耕农的贫困始终是困扰北魏政权的重要问题。北魏自耕农来源的多元化与致贫因素的复杂化使得北魏自耕农负担不断加重。北魏自耕农的贫困与贫富差距严重的主要原因在于北魏制度设计的缺陷。北魏政权为防止自耕农贫困而采取的赋税蠲免、灾伤赈济以及税率调控等措施仅是头痛医头之举,并未从制度上解决根本问题,因此也无法从根本上缓解自耕农的贫困。这最终导致了北魏的衰亡。     

校院两级管理模式下的教育资源优化配置

校院两级管理模式是一种不同于高校传统管理方式的新模式,如何在校院两级管理模式下对学校内部教育资源进行优化配置,一直是我国高校管理工作者希望解决的问题。首先通过明晰校院两级的职能界定,提出校院两级管理模式下“两级管理,提高绩效,培育特色,形成机制”的教育资源优化配置原则;并从权责利明晰、制衡有度,资源配置市场化、效益化,目标管理规范到位,评价机制科学合理,财务分配制度灵活高效等五个方面研究校院两级管理模式下教育资源优化配置的运行机制。     

转型期中国的社会公正感探析——以社会期望与财富分配的互动关系为视角

20世纪90年代以来,中国社会的贫富分化日益严重,民众的社会不公正感逐渐增强。一方面,改革开放促进了民众教育水平的提高和公民文化与平等意识的萌发,增强了他们对现代化生活方式的憧憬,引发了普泛性的生存比较,所有这些都普遍提高了民众的社会期望。另一方面,转型期中国社会的贫富差距全方位扩大,财富分配极不合理,既有市场化改革自身引发的巨大收入差距,也普遍存在由双轨制、非正当致富等导致的贫富悬殊。这种期望与指望的差距造成了社会不公正感。用公式可表示为：社会不公正感=社会期望/财富分配。提高民众的社会公正感须从调整财富分配入手,应做到起点公正、过程公正和结果公正。     

Water cycle algorithm for solving the reliability-redundancy allocation problem with a choice of redundancy strategies

Abstract

This paper proposes a new mathematical model for the reliability-redundancy allocation problem (RRAP) with a choice of redundancy strategies. To maximize the reliability of a system, this model chooses the best redundancy strategy from among both active and standby ones for each subsystem. For those with a standby strategy, a continuous time Markov chain model is used to calculate the exact reliability values. In order to solve the proposed mixed-integer non-linear programing model, a powerful evolutionary algorithm, called water cycle algorithm (WCA), is developed and implemented on three famous benchmark problems. Finally, the results of different benchmark problems are compared with those previously reported to show the superiority of the proposed model and the efficiency of WCA.