弱电解质溶液中c／ka^o比值对解离度误差的影响

介绍了溶液中弱电解质平衡体系的pH计算是《无机化学》课程中的重要基础理论知识。为简化计算经常需要引入近似条件，这样必然造成误差。通过理论计算解释了不同c／ka^o值与解离度误差的关系和不同解离度误差对应的c／ka^o值，对学生正确理解相关内容大有助益，是教材内容的必要补充。     

How Close Is Close Enough: Public Perceptions of the Risks of Industrial Facilities

Public opinion poll data have consistently shown that the proportion of respondents who are willing to have a nuclear power plant in their own community is smaller than the proportion who agree that more nuclear plants should be built in this country. Respondents' judgments of the minimum safe distance from each of eight hazardous facilities confirmed that this finding results from perceived risk gradients that differ by facility (e.g., nuclear vs. natural gas power plants) and social group (e.g., chemical engineers vs. environmentalists) but are relatively stable over time. Ratings of the facilities on thirteen perceived risk dimensions were used to determine whether any of the dimensions could explain the distance data. Because the rank order of the facilities with respect to acceptable distance was very similar to the rank order on a number of the perceived risk dimensions, it is difficult to determine which of the latter is the critical determinant of acceptable distance if, indeed, there is only one. There were, however, a number of reversals of rank order that indicate that the respondents had a differentiated view of technological risk. Finally, data from this and other studies were interpreted as suggesting that perceived lack of any other form of personal control over risk exposure may be an important factor in stimulating public opposition to the siting of hazardous facilities.     

企业管理信息系统与P3、P3e/c数据交换的研究与实现

本文首先讨论P3、P3e/c项目管理软件与企业管理信息系统集成的必要性和重要性,然后详细地介绍了采用RA引擎(OLE对象)技术来实现P3软件与企业管理信息系统的数据交换,以及与P3e/c交互的原理。分析P3、P3e/c在数据组织上的差异,提出解决方案。最后以实例讨论和分析了这种方法在实际系统中的应用。     

新时期高师院校学生择业心理调查分析及教育策略

为了探讨市场经济条件下，高等师范院校学生的择业、就业心理状况，通过问卷调查，发现高师学生在择业心态及择业心理等方面存在较多问题。高师院校必须通过思想教育、教学改革、更新教育观念等多种途径来提高师范生的择业能力，以达到实现毕业生有效就业的目标。     

Demographic Influences on Risk Perceptions

Over the past 15 years, psychologists have empirically investigated how people perceive technological, consumer, and natural hazards. The psychometric-attitudes to risk being summarized by three factors: "dread," whether the risk is known, and personal exposure to the risk. The results have been used to suggest that certain types of hazards are viewed very differently from other hazards. The purpose of this paper is somewhat different, in that it investigates whether individual demographic characteristics influence psychometric perceptions of risk. This paper makes use of a large, professionally conducted, survey of a wide cross-section of the residents of metropolitan Chicago. One thousand adults were interviewed in a random-digit dial telephone survey, producing a useable dataset of about 800. Data on the three risk factors mentioned above were obtained on 7-point scales for four common hazards: aviation accidents, fires in the home, automobile accidents, and stomach cancer. The survey also collected demographic data on respondents'age, schooling, income, sex, and race. Regressions were then conducted to relate the demographic characteristics to risk perceptions. Some strong general conclusions can be drawn. The results suggest that women, people with lower levels of schooling and income, younger people, and blacks have more dread of hazards. The exception being age-related illnesses which, not unnaturally, are feared by older people. Unlike previous literature, we cannot substantiate the argument that these groups of people are less informed about hazards and thus less accepting of them. The most likely leading explanation of the relationship between demographic factors and dread of a hazard is the perceived personal exposure to the hazard. People with greater perceived exposure to a hazard are more fearful.     

A methodological strategy for a one-number census in the UK

As a result of lessons learnt from the 1991 census, a research programme was set up to seek improvements in census methodology. Underenumeration has been placed top of the agenda in this programme, and every effort is being made to achieve as high a coverage as possible in the 2001 census. In recognition, however, that 100% coverage will never be achieved, the one-number census (ONC) project was established to measure the degree of underenumeration in the 2001 census and, if possible, to adjust fully the outputs from the census for that undercount. A key component of this adjustment process is a census coverage survey (CCS). This paper presents an overview of the ONC project, focusing on the design and analysis methodology for the CCS. It also presents results that allow the reader to evaluate the robustness of this methodology.     

Bayesian robustness for multiparameter problems

Bayesian robustness is studied for ε-contamination classes of prior distributions. Nonparametric classes of contsminations such as the class of all unimodal spherically symmetric densities are considered here. Posterior φ-divergence and its curvature are used to measure the sensitivity of priors on the resulting posterior densities. Examples are provided to illustrate our results.     

诸葛草庐南阳襄阳之争的形成和发展

关于诸葛草庐所在地的争论已有上千年的历史。西晋时期未有人对诸葛亮"躬耕于南阳"提出疑问。东晋南北朝时期有人称襄阳隆中有诸葛亮"故宅"、隆中隶属南阳郡邓县、隆中即为躬耕地,但因与古代文献中对秦汉时期南阳郡与南郡之间界标的记载相左,不能使人信服。唐宋时期南阳诸葛庐、南阳诸葛亮名扬天下,大量文献记载诸葛亮躬耕受三顾于南阳。元明时期官修史书持南阳说。清代对诸葛草庐所在地众说纷纭。民国时期南襄两说并存。20世纪80年代末因发行"三顾茅庐"邮票而引发了一场波及全国、旷日持久的争论。"教科书事件"使草庐之争再度升温。     

论我国高校“人文教育”本科专业设置之必要性

深化高等教育改革,优化专业学科结构与人才培养模式,成为了提升高等教育质量的时代主题.高等教育设置"人文教育"本科专业之必要性表现为:全面推进素质教育,深化新课程改革的迫切需要;深化高师教育改革,优化学科专业结构的理性选择;服务地方经济,发展各项人文事业的逻辑定位;配合构建和谐社会,弘扬人文精神的必要举措.     

How Does the General Public Evaluate Risk Information? The Impact of Associations with Other Risks

There is a considerable body of knowledge about the way people perceive risks using heuristics and qualitative characteristics, and about how risk information should be communicated to the public. However, little is known about the way people use the perception of known risks (associated risks) to judge an unknown risk. In a first, qualitative study, six different risks were discussed in in-depth interviews and focus group interviews. The interviews showed that risk associations played a prominent role in forming risk perceptions. Associated risks were often mentioned spontaneously. Second, a survey study was conducted to confirm the importance of risk associations quantitatively. This study investigated whether people related unknown risks to known risks. This was indeed confirmed. Furthermore, some insight was gained into how and why people form risk associations. Results showed that the semantic category of the unknown risks was more important in forming associations than the perceived level of risk or specific risk characteristics. These findings were in line with the semantic network theory. Based on these two studies, we recommend using the mental models approach in developing new risk communications.