刑事诉讼法违法证据排除法则的分析

通过对违法证据排除法则的概念、英美法律中该法则发展状况的分析和论证,提出我国刑事诉讼法也应适用该规则,并应采用既注重内容、又兼顾形式的“部分排除”原则。     

Perceived Risks from Radiation and Nuclear Testing Near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: A Comparison Between Physicians, Scientists, and the Public

Determining the difference in perception of risk between experts, or more educated professionals, and laypeople is important so that a potential hazard can be effectively communicated to the public. Many surveys have been conducted to better understand the difference between expert and public opinions, and often laypeople exhibit higher perceptions of risk to hazards in comparison to experts. This is especially true when health risk is due to radiation, nuclear power, and nuclear waste. This article focuses on one section of a risk perception survey given to two groups of individuals with a more specialized education (scientists and physicians) and laypeople (villagers) in the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan. All of these groups live near the former Soviet nuclear test site. Originally, it was expected that the scientists and physicians would have similar perceptions of radiation risk, while the public perceptions would be higher, but this was not always the case. For example, when perceptions of risk pertain to the health impacts of nuclear testing or the dose-response nature of radiation exposure, the physicians tend to agree with the laypeople, not the scientists. The villagers are always the most risk-averse group, followed by the physicians and then the scientists. These differences are likely due to different frames of reference for each of the populations.     

A Goodness-of-Fit Test for Location-Scale Max-Stable Distributions

In this article, a technique based on the sample correlation coefficient to construct goodness-of-fit tests for max-stable distributions with unknown location and scale parameters and finite second moment is proposed. Specific details to test for the Gumbel distribution are given, including critical values for small sample sizes as well as approximate critical values for larger sample sizes by using normal quantiles. A comparison by Monte Carlo simulation shows that the proposed test for the Gumbel hypothesis is substantially more powerful than some other known tests against some alternative distributions with positive skewness coefficient.     

Multiple Linear Regression Model Under Nonnormality

Abstract

We consider multiple linear regression models under nonnormality. We derive modified maximum likelihood estimators (MMLEs) of the parameters and show that they are efficient and robust. We show that the least squares esimators are considerably less efficient. We compare the efficiencies of the MMLEs and the M estimators for symmetric distributions and show that, for plausible alternatives to an assumed distribution, the former are more efficient. We provide real-life examples.     

The Economic Efficiency of Sampling Size: The Case of Beef Trim

The economically optimal sample size in a food safety test balances the marginal costs and marginal benefits of increasing the sample size. We provide a method for selecting the sample size when testing beef trim for Escherichia coli O157:H7 that equates the averted costs of recalls and health damages from contaminated meats sold to consumers with the increased costs of testing while allowing for uncertainty about the underlying prevalence rates of contamination. Using simulations, we show that, in most cases, the optimal sample size is larger than the current sample size of 60 and, in some cases, it exceeds 120. Moreover, lots with a lower prevalence rate have a higher expected damage because contamination is more difficult to detect. Our simulations indicate that these lots have a higher optimal sampling rate.     

网络信息监控系统设计的研究

根据当前网络信息传播的混乱情况,在某种场合进行网络信息监控很有必要.该文提出了网络信息监控的几种实现方法和标准的信息监控流程,讨论设计网络信息监控系统的系统架构方法以及信息监控中应根据实际采用各种不同的技术组合,以达到全方位对网络信息进行监控.     

Association of educational level and child sex ratio in rural and urban India

Utilizing data from the Census of India, this study compared child sex ratio in rural and urban regions of India and analyzed whether the child sex ratio was associated with mother’s education level. The child sex ratios in the rural and urban regions throughout India were analyzed using the two-sample and paired Student’s t-test. Further, the Chi-square test for trend in binomial proportions was used to assess the association between child sex ratios and mother’s education levels in rural and urban areas. Analysis of the data showed that there was a significant difference between the child sex ratios in rural areas versus urban areas. In addition, the Chi-square test for trend showed that there was a significant association of the child sex ratio and the educational levels of their mothers. This trend occurred in both rural and urban areas.     

论连带责任中求偿权的实现

求偿权的性质应采纳主观共同关系说。求偿的要件应包括须有债务人共同免责、债务人有财产上的给付行为、该债务人的履行无须超过其应负担部分。求偿权的行使应受到必要的限制。求偿权应通过一次诉讼、多次执行的方法得到实现     

宪政概念的中西差异与整合

中西方学者对宪政概念的阐释都呈现出多重视角.所不同的是,西方学者对完政概念的研究往往从单一维度进行,小切口而深分析,有大量可资借鉴的元素;中国学者之宪政概念往往是一个整合性概念,多维度但欠深入,有必要予以反思和整合,进而重建.宪政是以宪法为前提基础,以民主为基石要件,以法治为制度框架,以控制国家权力保障公民权利为核心主线,以有限政府为基本精神,以人权为终极目标,以程序为实现方式的政治形态和政治过程.     

Models and methods for pairing data

This paper deals with models and methods for count data derived from observations on pairing phenomena. Pairs formed from “similar” members are excluded. Various models are considered and analyzed. Particular emphasis is on developing methods for testing whether particular pairs are prone to occur more or less often than expected by chance.