The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty

Many authors have insisted on the necessity of defining poverty as a multidimensional concept rather than relying on income or consumption expenditures per capita. Yet, not much has actually been done to include the various dimensions of deprivation into the practical definition and measurement of poverty. Existing attempts along that direction consist of aggregating various attributes into a single index through some arbitrary function and defining a poverty line and associated poverty measures on the basis of that index. This is merely redefining more generally the concept of poverty, which then essentially remains a one dimensional concept. The present paper suggests that an alternative way to take into account the multi-dimensionality of poverty is to specify a poverty line for each dimension of poverty and to consider that a person is poor if he/she falls below at least one of these various lines. The paper then explores how to combine these various poverty lines and associated one-dimensional gaps into multidimensional poverty measures. An application of these measures to the rural population in Brazil is also given with poverty defined on income and education.     

Weak disintegrability as a form of preservation of coherence

Summary Weak disintegrations are investigated from various points of view. Kolmogorov's definition of conditional probability is critically analysed, and it is noted how the notion of disintegrability plays some role in connecting Kolmogorov's definition with the one given in line with de Finetti's coherence principle. Conditions are given, on the domain of a prevision, implying the equivalence between weak disintegrability and conglomerability. Moreover, weak sintegrations are characterized in terms of coherence, in de Finetti's sense, of, a suitable function. This fact enables us to give, an interpretation of weak disintegrability as a form of “preservation of coherence”. The previous results are also applied to a hypothetical inferential problem. In particular, an inference is shown to be coherent, in the sense of Heath and Sudderth, if and only if a suitable function is coherent, in de Finetti's sense. Research partially supported by: M.U.R.S.T. 40% “Problemi di inferenza pura”.     

衔接 连贯与阅读理解

衔接是语篇特征的重要内容.尽管语义上连贯的语篇可以没有形式上的衔接纽带,但在大多数自然出现的语篇中是存在衔接纽带的,这些纽带不仅会增强语篇的连贯性,而且对阅读理解有着很大的帮助作用.分析衔接与阅读的关系以及如何应用照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接纽带促进并加深对语篇的理解.     

民族地区以信息化带动工业化发展的对策研究

只有加速推进信息化带动工业化的进程 ,西部民族地区才能发挥“后发”优势 ,实现跨越式发展。为此 ,西部民族地区需加快和优先发展信息产业、积极推进信息技术在传统工业领域的广泛应用。坚持走以市场为主导的道路、加大对信息产业的投入、制定相应的人才政策 ,并注重培育和优化与信息化推进和信息化产业发展相关的外部环境。     

Influence diagnostics and outlier tests for semiparametric mixed models

Summary. Semiparametric mixed models are useful in biometric and econometric applications, especially for longitudinal data. Maximum penalized likelihood estimators (MPLEs) have been shown to work well by Zhang and co-workers for both linear coefficients and nonparametric functions. This paper considers the role of influence diagnostics in the MPLE by extending the case deletion and subject deletion analysis of linear models to accommodate the inclusion of a nonparametric component. We focus on influence measures for the fixed effects and provide formulae that are analogous to those for simpler models and readily computable with the MPLE algorithm. We also establish an equivalence between the case or subject deletion model and a mean shift outlier model from which we derive tests for outliers. The influence diagnostics proposed are illustrated through a longitudinal hormone study on progesterone and a simulated example.     

转移价格在跨国公司中的作用及其限制——揭开跨国公司巧取豪夺的面纱

转移价格是跨国公司在母公司与子公司、子公司与子公司之间进行内部贸易所采用的价格 ,是人为调高或调低价格来转移利润而采取的重要手段 ,使子公司经营处于“亏损”状态 ,从而使东道国蒙受巨大经济损失。为此 ,各东道国为维护本国的合法权益而采取多种防范和监控措施来限制跨国公司用转移价格来实现其整体总利润额的增加。     

语篇理解过程及其心理机制

从认知心理学、心理语言学角度讨论了语篇理解的过程及其心理机制。首先从命题、推断、局部与整体连贯三个层次上讨论了语篇理解的认知过程 ;然后从认知构件、认知理解模式对认知结构的模拟以及语篇处理过程中的资源限制三个维度论述了语篇理解的心理机制。文章最后指出 ,语篇理解研究的进一步深化取决于研究方法的改进和研究领域的拓展     

语篇的衔接与连贯问题

语篇源自语言交际,是高于句子的层面,表示一个整体意义;语篇的衔接与连贯,分属两个概念,应该区别对待。语篇对于连贯的依赖似乎更为明显:衔接方式得当但语义不贯通的话语不是合格的语篇,衔接方式不明显但语义贯通的话语是合格的语篇;立足于语篇的基础理论,有利于我们提高对衔接与连贯的理性思考,可有效地防止在语篇分析过程中出现较大的偏误。     

从关联理论看语篇连贯

语篇连贯是语篇与非语篇的最大区别 ,韩礼德和哈桑把语篇的显性衔接看作是连贯的必要前提条件 ,本文对此作了批评 ,并以斯佩尔和威尔逊的关联理论为基点 ,集中讨论用关联认知方法构建连贯的语篇。     

企业进行农民工管理探索

农民工是我国改革开放后经济社会发展过程中出现的一个特殊社会群体,他们正在成为我国产业工人的主体,越来越多地参与到城市的经济活动和企业的经营管理中来。农民工管理是我国企业应当承担的社会责任,把握农民工的群体特点和需求特征,是企业探索农民工管理的关键。加强薪酬管理、改善工作生活环境和进行职业生涯规划是企业当前进行农民工管理最重要和最紧迫的任务。