Variance estimation for the 2006 French housing survey

In the 2006 French housing survey, information is collected on many aspects of housing to describe the housing stock in France and the housing conditions of French households. The basic national sample results from a multistage sampling design. Complementary samples were selected to perform accurate estimations for socio-demographic domains. Some French regions proceeded to a regional and local extension of the national sample. The variance is estimated for a region with a regional and local extension of the basic national sample.     

基于分群体非均衡推进的新型农村社会养老保险模式创新研究——以山东临沂农村养老保险为例

通过对山东省临沂市农村社会养老保险实施情况的研究以及探讨,提出一种新的制度模式——分群体非均衡推进。该制度主要针对不同的群体现状,先以计生户和失地农民为突破口,鼓励其主动参加社会养老保险,然后逐步带动其它群体加入到社会养老保险行列,最终实现全面覆盖。     

国际化与本土化——对中国旅游法治的思考

中国已跻身世界旅游大国之列,必须在参照国际旅游业的公约和惯例的同时,构建、实施适应21世纪国际格局需要的中国旅游法律规范体系,加快走向旅游产业化、市场化、本土化、国际化。文章从旅游发展全球观的视角,分析国际化与本土化的内在机理和文化多元,提出旅游立法的统一性、二元性。     

The Bayes rule of the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model under Stein's loss

For the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model, we analytically calculate the Bayes rule (estimator) with respect to a prior distribution IG (alpha, beta) under Stein's loss function. This estimator minimizes the posterior expected Stein's loss (PESL). We also analytically calculate the Bayes rule and the PESL under the squared error loss. Finally, the numerical simulations exemplify that the PESLs depend only on alpha and the number of observations. The Bayes rules and PESLs under Stein's loss are unanimously smaller than those under the squared error loss.     

Extended scaled prediction variance optimality for modified central composite design

Robust parameter designs (RPDs) enable the experimenter to discover how to modify the design of the product to minimize the effect due to variation from noise sources. The aim of this article is to show how this amount of work can be reduced under modified central composite design (MCCD). We propose a measure of extended scaled prediction variance (ESPV) for evaluation of RPDs on MCCD. Using these measures, we show that we can check the error or bias associated with estimating the model parameters and suggest the values of α recommended for MCCS under minimum ESPV.     

Calculable Power: A Case Study of IMF Quotas and Voting Rights Reform*

Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in collective bodies such as international organizations. This paper measures and compares IMF member countries’ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF’s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members’ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member’s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.     

法治国家对公民教育的诉求

法治国家既是公民教育得以产生的社会基础,也是公民教育的价值追求。培养独立人格,塑造国民的道德观,型构国民的世界观,培育国民的民族观,传授科学知识,普及法律常识,训练国民参与社会公共事务的技能,是法治国家对公民教育的七大诉求。作为公民教育的重要场域,学校教育应该适应公民教育的需求。     

关于我国刑事诉讼贯彻直接言词原则的思考

直接言词原则是现代刑事诉讼基本原则之一,它在许多国家刑事诉讼实践中得到了贯彻。虽然我国刑事诉讼法及有关司法解释的一些规定也体现了直接言词原则的精神,但由于立法上、司法实践上存在贯彻执行这一原则的障碍,使得这一原则在我国刑事诉讼中成了一种摆设。因而,在我国要贯彻直接言词原则,必须建立证人等出庭的制度,限制书面言词证据的使用,进一步加强庭审方式的改革,强化庭审的功能。从剖析我国贯彻这一原则的障碍入手,提出了在我国贯彻直接言词原则的设想。     

非法证据排除规则比较评析

建立非法证据排除规则不仅是保障人权、维护法制尊严的需要,而且也是促进案件实体真实发现的需要。我国相关立法和司法解释虽然对非法证据的排除作了一些规定,但其存在的缺陷是明显的。通过对两大法系非法证据排除规则历史发展的考察,提出了设立适宜我国国情的、平衡保障人权和惩罚犯罪双重需要的非法证据排除规则。     

宪政经济学述评

“宪政经济学”是20世纪70年代以来发展起来的一门新兴的学科,是当代西方经济学和法学理论中的一个非常重要的学术流派。通过对宪政经济学的历史渊源、形成和发展的讨论,进而对其学科性质、研究方法及应用做相应的评述。