复杂性理论:透视学科建设问题的独特视角

把复杂性理论引入到教育学中,可以为许多教育问题提供独特的视角。高等学校的学科建设是一个学校核心竞争力的集中体现。学科建设不是一蹴而就的,它与一个学校办学特点和学校历史积淀息息相关。本文以复杂性理论为基础,来探讨学科建设过程中存在的问题,展示复杂性理论解决问题的独特方式。     

原语语篇类型对汉英口译任务复杂度的影响

译者在口译训练及实践中要处理不同语篇类型的语料。而不同语篇类型的口译任务复杂度也有差异，从而影响着译者口译输出的准确度和流利度。     

Measuring the complexity of generalized linear hierarchical models

Measuring a statistical model's complexity is important for model criticism and comparison. However, it is unclear how to do this for hierarchical models due to uncertainty about how to count the random effects. The authors develop a complexity measure for generalized linear hierarchical models based on linear model theory. They demonstrate the new measure for binomial and Poisson observables modeled using various hierarchical structures, including a longitudinal model and an areal‐data model having both spatial clustering and pure heterogeneity random effects. They compare their new measure to a Bayesian index of model complexity, the effective number p_D of parameters (Spiegelhalter, Best, Carlin & van der Linde 2002); the comparisons are made in the binomial and Poisson cases via simulation and two real data examples. The two measures are usually close, but differ markedly in some instances where p_D is arguably inappropriate. Finally, the authors show how the new measure can be used to approach the difficult task of specifying prior distributions for variance components, and in the process cast further doubt on the commonly‐used vague inverse gamma prior.     

On Integer Programming Approaches for Morphological Template Decomposition Problems in Computer Vision

In morphological image processing and analysis, a template or structuringelement is applied to an image. Often savings in computation time and abetter fit to the given computer architecture can be achieved by using thetechnique of template decomposition. Researchers have written a multitude ofpapers on finding such decompositions for special classes of templates.Justifying recent integer programming approaches to the morphologicaltemplate decomposition problem in its general form, this paper proves theNP-completeness of this problem.     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

复杂性科学:一场思维方式的变革

本文剖析了当代复杂性科学的兴起和发展所引起的思维方式的变革 ,诸如从线性思维到非线性思维、从还原论思维到整体性思维、从实体性思维到关系思维、从静态逻辑分析到过程思维等 ,并对复杂性思维这一新兴的跨学科方法论进行了扼要的概括与阐发     

关联与融合:复杂性探究方式与马克思主义

复杂性科学的兴起不仅为人们提供了一幅世界自组织演化的自然图景 ,而且也提供了一个观察自然和社会的新角度。这种以非线性思维、整体思维、关系思维、过程思维为其主要特征的复杂性思维的出现 ,是一次极大的思维方式的转换。作为“时代精神”的马克思主义哲学 ,虽然在某种程度上蕴含了这一新型的思维路径的底蕴 ,但二者毕竟是存在着一些差异的。因此在整合复杂性探究方式和马克思主义哲学基础上的关于社会演化系统的一般性方法论 ,应包括社会整体观、社会结构观、社会层次观以及社会协同演化观等。     

网络游戏外挂司法犯罪化的刑法规范解读

制售网络游戏外挂行为的司法犯罪化现象越来越普遍,而破坏计算机信息系统安全罪、非法经营罪和侵犯著作权罪是制售网络游戏外挂行为比较固定化的司法定性,但无论从技术的运行特征来看,还是从行为的违法性来分析,制售网络游戏外挂行为很难与现行刑法中某一具体犯罪的构成要件完全相吻合。事实上,网络游戏外挂是一种在未经软件著作权人许可的情况下,对原游戏程序的修改,从而增进游戏功能和效率的行为,而慎重适用刑法规范调整网络游戏外挂现象,既能最大限度实现非刑法制度的规范价值,又能更好地体现刑法保障性规范的谦抑性原则。     

面向独立学院的计算思维能力培养模式探析

针对独立学院培养综合性复合型人才的培养目标,论述了独立学院计算机基础教学的特征及教学中存在的问题.通过分析大学计算机基础教学与计算思维的关系,论述了计算思维对促进独立学院计算机基础教学工作,提高教学质量的作用和意义,提出了在计算思维和计算能力培养方案中的具体实施措施,并建立面向计算思维能力培养的分层次、分阶段教学模式,力争全面提升独立学院计算机基础的教学质量和教学效果.