物权担保竞合时效力位阶的法理解析——兼论《担保法司法解释》第79条

在同一标的物上设定多个担保物权而发生竞合时,各担保物权的效力位阶状态,在担保法理论上是一重要而困难的问题,同时因中国相关立法缺憾,已成担保实务的严重障碍。文章从抵押权与质权竞合、抵押权与留置权竞合、质权与留置权竞合的三种形态入手,将担保物权设定的时间先后作为解析问题的逻辑要件,充分且谨慎地考量动产担保物权登记、标的物占有等情形,以物权法基本理论为论证逻辑基点,较翔实地剖析了物权担保竞合时效力位阶。主张将来立法时应基于设定优先原则、占有优先原则、登记优先原则等来确定担保物权竞合时效力位阶。     

中德土壤污染治理责任主体比较研究

20世纪80年代,德国在法学理论和司法实务中对土壤污染责任主体的认定,突破了以往侵权责任主体认定的范畴,引入“状态责任”,细化责任主体范围,明确责任内容划分,厘清多重责任主体竞合。我国土壤污染管理起步较晚,在理论研究和司法实务中对主体责任认定标准和责任限度的理解存在分歧,其争议焦点在于各主体在案件中的地位。通过对中德土壤污染治理责任主体的比较,认为我国应在坚持现有规则的前提下借鉴吸收德国在责任内容划分和多重责任主体竞合处理等方面的经验,切实有效地保护土地功能。     

The Use of Treatment Concurrences to Assess Robustness of Binary Block Designs Against the Loss of Whole Blocks

Criteria are proposed for assessing the robustness of a binary block design against the loss of whole blocks, based on summing entries of selected upper non‐principal sections of the concurrence matrix. These criteria improve on the minimal concurrence concept that has been used previously and provide new conditions for measuring the robustness status of a design. The robustness properties of two‐associate partially balanced designs are considered and it is shown that two categories of group divisible designs are maximally robust. These results expand a classic result in the literature, obtained by Ghosh, which established maximal robustness for the class of balanced block designs.     

网络直播主体涉罪性质分析

随着网络的迅猛发展,部分网络直播呈现出泛娱乐化、内容杂乱无序、无门槛和消费女性文化等消极特点,极易触犯刑法而构成犯罪。网络直播主体包括主播、平台提供者和观看者。主播可能涉嫌的罪名有诈骗罪,赌博罪,开设赌场罪,聚众淫乱罪,制作、传播淫秽物品牟利罪,传播淫秽物品罪,传授犯罪方法罪和利用迷信破坏法律实施罪;平台提供者可能涉嫌的罪名有帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪及其他相关犯罪的帮助犯;观看者可能涉嫌的罪名包括传播淫秽物品牟利罪、故意杀人罪等。另外,在认定网络直播主体违法性认识时,应当将违法性认识必要说作为分析的前提,坚持责任说并将违法性限定为刑事违法性。在分析行为人是否具有违法性认识时,应当根据自然犯与行政犯相区别的原则和推定与例外相结合的原则作出判断。     

加害给付请求权竞合之探讨: 成立要件及法律效果

请求权竞合理论有三种,即法条竞合说、请求权竞合说和请求权规范竞合说。根据学理和实务,采请求权竞合说中的自由竞合说较妥。加害给付的构成要件中违反法定义务不构成加害给付,违约行为仅引起固有利益损害亦构成加害给付。加害给付引起的违约责任和侵权责任竞合的是固有利益损害部分。就竞合部分,当事人可依据《合同法》第122条,斟酌具体情况选择通过违约责任或侵权责任主张权利。加害给付引起的履行利益损失和固有利益损害是聚合关系,当事人可依据《合同法》第112条一并主张。     

民事侵权损害赔偿请求权的几个问题探究

侵权损害赔偿请求权,是侵权损害赔偿理论中的一个重要问题,而实践中往往不被引起重视。《中华人民共和国民法通则》颁布以后,侵权损害赔偿请求权的产生变更和竞合产生了一系列的法律后果。特别是《民法典》即将出台,再不重视这一问题的理论研究及司法实践经验的总结,将会出现理论上的混乱及实践的差误,因此,对民事侵权损害赔偿请求权的研究就显得尤为重要。     

论担保物权竞合之效力

抵押权、质权、留置权等担保物权的竞合时有发生,关于担保物竞合的法律效力,目前我国法律没有统一规定。确定担保物权竞合的效力需要一定的价值尺度,如法定利益优先、完全担保权人利益优先、公示优先等,根据统一的价值尺度设定担保物权竞合效力的模式;担保物权竞合时物上请求权与债权请求权的实现有所不同。      

国际诉讼竞合及其规制——兼论我国民事诉讼法修改建议稿

国际诉讼竞合本质上是国际诉讼管辖权积极冲突的结果,也是当事人基于自身利益的考虑选择法院的结果。规制诉讼竞合已是国际社会的普遍做法。我国民事诉讼法修改建议稿(以下简称修改建议稿)虽对此理论作了规定,但仍有不足之处。文章结合诉讼竞合的基本理论,以及国外的相关理论,探讨了我国民事诉讼法修改建议稿中有关诉讼竞合理论的规定。     

Groupthink and Project Performance: The Influence of Personal Traits and Interpersonal Ties

This study explores whether the negative impact of “groupthink concurrence‐seeking behavior” (GTB) on business process reengineering (BPR) projects is affected by group members personal traits and interpersonal ties within the group. To this purpose we conduct and present the results of a longitudinal controlled field experiment over 18 BPR projects lasting 3 months and involving 18 teams comprising 71 first‐year MBA students. The main contribution of this study is twofold. First, we explicitly consider and measure the core construct of groupthink phenomenon: that is, GTB. Existing organizational behavior literature has, contrarily, considered only its causes, symptoms, and outcomes. Second, we show evidence that GTB does have a negative impact on group performance in BPR project settings. In this regards, results also indicate that while perceived control, conscientiousness and interpersonal evaluation mitigate the negative impact of GTB on group project performance, confidence, and previous relationships amplify this negative impact, even if they have a direct positive effect on performance. Thanks to the findings of this study, we are able to provide valuable suggestions to managers in charge of BPR projects for ensuring effective performance of project teams and controlling for potential obstacles due to GTB.     

On the use of diagnostic biplots in model screening for genotype by environment tables

Popular rank-2 and rank-3 models for two-way tables have geometrical properties which can be used as diagnostic keys in screening for an appropriate model. Row and column levels of two-way tables are represented by points in two or three dimensional space, whereupon collinearity and coplanarity of row and column points provide diagnostic keys for informal model choice. Coordinates are obtained from a factorization of the two-way table Y in the matrix product UV ^T. The rows of U then contain row-point coordinates and the rows of V column-point coordinates. Illustrations of applications of diagnostic biplots in the literature were restricted to data from chemistry and physics with little or no noise. In plant breeding, two-way tables containing substantial amounts of noise regularly arise in the form of genotype by environment tables. To investigate the usefulness of diagnostic biplots for model screening for genotype by environment tables, data tables were generated from a range of two-way models under the addition of various amounts of noise. Chances for correct diagnosis of the generating model depended on the type of model. Diagnostic biplots on their own do not seem to provide a sufficient means for model selection for genotype by environment tables, but in combination with other methods they certainly can provide extra insight into the structure of the data.